宁东能源化工基地生态效益变化分析

在分析宁东能源化工基地的开发背景和现状的基础上,利用生态系统服务功能模型,对因土地利用类型变动所引发的生态效益变化、宁东能源化工基地建设在区域水土保持功能、减少碳排等方面进行了分析.研究表明,宁东能源化工基地的建设,只要能处理好资源开发和生态环境建设的关系,其必将实现经济效益和生态效益的"双赢".     

Platinum-group elements for the Kudi ophiolite, western Kunlun

The analyses of PGE characteristics for the Kudi ophiolite, western Kunlun, are reported in this note. The Ir-depieted anomalous ancient upper mantle represented by the Kudi mantle peridotites had been percolated and mixed by remelted oceanic crust material from a supra-subduction zone, leaving the rocks relatively enriched in Pd. The PGE contents in the Kudi cumulate pyroxenites and gabbros vary from 2.4 to 23.94 ng/g, and the highest values are in pyroxenites. The Pd/lr ratios increase from the pyroxenites to the gabbros. The PGE patterns for the Kudi cumulate rocks are steeply positively sloped. The Pd enrichment in these rocks is similar to that in pyroxenites from the Thetford ophiolite and the Troodos ophiolite. The Kudi diabase and basalts have low PGE contents and positively sloped PGE patterns, and are comparable with the upper pillow lavas from the Troodos ophiolite, indicative of the environment of back-arc spreading center in a supra-subduction zone.     

Evolution of drainage systems and its developing trend in connection with tectonic uplift of Eastern Kunlun Mt.

The Eastern Kunlun Mt. had been subjected to uplift together with the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau before the Early Pleistocene, and yet the Mt, did not protrude out of the Plateau surface. During that period lakes spread all over the studied region, with the drainage systems being all short rivers flowing into the lakes. At the end of the Early Pleistocene, intensive tectonic uplift led to the rising of the Eastern Kunlun Mt. and made the Mt. protrude onto the Plateau surface. As a result, a fault depression valley formed extending nearly from west to east along the fault belt of the Southern Kunlun Mt. Lakes in this region died out, surface runoffs joined into the valley of the Southern Kunlun Mt. resulting in a large river streaming nearly from west to east. Around 150 kaBP, because of the strong differential movement, rivers, such as the Jialu River and the Golmud River, retrogressively eroded seriously, cutting through the Burhan Budai Mt. Then they pirated the large river and divided it into four portions. Owing to the uplift of the Eastern Kunlun Mt., strongly retrogressive erosion of the upper reaches of the Jialu River has made the watershed of the Buqingshan Mt. migrate 6–10 km southward since Holocene. At present, it remains a stronger trend of retrogressive erosion developing upward to the basin of the Yellow River Source and it seems that the Jialu River is scrambling for the streamhead of the Yellow River.     

帕米尔高原花岗岩漂砾风化穴初步探究

通过对东帕米尔高原一冰碛平台上花岗岩漂砾风化穴的仔细观察,根据发生部位和形态特征对风化穴进行分类,并结合当地地形、气温、降水等自然条件对风化穴的成因进行分析,初步认为本区花岗岩漂砾风化穴的主要类型为边墙形、蜂巢型、底穴型、沟槽型,是温差风化（含寒冻风化）、盐风化、风蚀和时间（倒数第二次冰期以来）因素综合作用的结果,其中谷风侵蚀在边墙型风化穴形成过程中起主导作用．     

青海昆仑山山口发现的细石器考古新材料

2009年考古学家在通往青藏高原腹地, 亦即藏北高原的昆仑山山口地区的野牛沟新发现了一处(海拔3800 m)早期人类活动细石器地点. 该地点尚有两处保存完好的火塘遗存, 对火塘灰烬进行AMS ¹⁴C测年, 其时代为7500 a BP左右, 这不仅意味着该地区细石器年代的确认, 同时也为普遍见诸青藏高原而又缺乏地层与断代的细石器地点提供了可靠的年代参照. 在火塘周边还发现一定数量的细石器, 包括细石核、石叶、刮削器以及用于加工石器的残石块. 石器的质料、组合以及类型等都反映出一定的权宜性, 结合火塘的临时性, 初步分析认为这是一处全新世早中期游动至此的、主要以采集狩猎为目的的随机性食物搜寻者的遗存.     

Methoxy n-fatty acids in surface soils from the Gongga and Kunlun Mountains: Ecological implications

GC-MS characteristics of surface soil samples from the eastern and northern Tibetan Plateau provide tentative identification of 8(–14)-Methoxy hexadecanoic acid (iME-16:0) and 9(–17)-methoxy octadecanoic acid (iME-18:0). Sixty surface soil samples were collected from the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain, at elevations ranging from ~1230 to 4500 m (eastern Tibetan Plateau), and from the northern slope of West Kunlun Mountains, ranging from ~1300 to 5500 m (northern Tibetan Plateau). This study also analyzed the methoxy n-fatty acids (MFAs) of Gongga Mountain tree leaves from six common living species, at the elevation of 2900–4200 m. MFAs dominate these samples, with more centrally located methoxy groups eluting earlier than those with methoxy groups located closer to the end of the main carbon chain. MFAs occur prominently in most of the Gongga Mountain soil samples (and from six tree samples) from dominantly coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forests. Other than in two narrow vegetation zones between 4000–4350 m and 2900–3300 m, no MFAs were found in 19 Kunlun Mountains soil samples from areas covered mainly with montane desert and alpine desert steppe vegetation. Based on the inventory of plants and soils from which MFAs have been isolated, we conclude that the MFAs most probably originate from specific woody plants. If we can exclude some particular grasses as sources, MFAs may be specific woody plants-derived biomarkers; thus they would serve as an important additional proxy for comprehensive and precise ecological reconstructions.     

东汉空间天球概念及其晷漏表等的天文学意义——兼与托勒玫《至大论》中相关内容比较

论述了东汉《四分历》前后首次出现的一些球面天文概念,并把它们和古希腊有关概念进行比较;在此基础上,进一步探讨了《后汉书》中晷漏表和黄赤道宿度表的天文学意义,认为东汉时期在测算实践的基础上已经初步尝试并基本建立了一个空间天球模型。关于古代中国的"似黄纬",在托勒玫天文学中可以找到类似的概念。比较了东汉和古希腊对于太阳视赤纬、黄赤道坐标变换、昼夜长度和天体中天等的计算方法和考虑问题出发点的异同,前者比较重视测算实践,而后者则建立在球面三角学的基础上。东汉《四分历》为后世"歩晷漏术"确立了基本模式,在中国天文学史中具有重要地位。     

东汉颂文的文化特征

东汉颂文从一开始就与国家的礼乐建设结合在一起,受到朝廷的提倡,其功用在于纪功与颂德。在发展过程中,颂文受到经学的影响,不仅在形式上取则经典,而且表现了东汉经学的价值观和社会理想。颂文与东汉史学的关系也非常密切,突出表现在颂文叙事和征实的特征以及前序后颂、其序似传的写法。东汉颂文的这些特征使它和辞赋有明显的区别而与碑铭等文体极为相似。     

试析"的卢"成为凶马的原因

“的卢“马成为凶马大概产生于东晋南朝,其原因大约有五个方面:忌讳白色,南方少马,南人不习战,社会风气萎靡不振以及跨马一事在政治上所带来的风险.     

前东欧国家对社会主义发展道路的探索

前东欧国家走上社会主义道路之后,开始探索适合本国国情的发展道路。由于苏联外力作用,富有成效的“民族化道路”探索夭折了。20世纪50年代后各国虽曾进行了多次改革,但终究未能根本突破苏联模式的束缚,找到一条正确的发展道路。这是东欧国家共产党丧失执政合法性,从而丢掉政权的重要原因之一。