Acyl fluorides as reactive mimics of aldehyde pheromones: hyperactivation and aphrodisiac inHeliothis virescens

Summary Substitution of fluorine for the aldehydic hydrogen provides behaviorally active, chemically reactive pheromone mimics. In male moths of the tobacco budwormHeliothis virescens, Z9–14:Acf and Z11–16:Acf cause hyperactivity and irreversible extension of the genitalia in over 80% of treated moths. In addition, a combination of the two components leads to 10–50% of the pairs involving one treated partner becoming locked in copula.Supported by NSF grant PCM-8112755 and DMB-8316931, by a Fellowship from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (1981–85), and by Teacher-Scholar Grant from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation (1981–86) to G.D.P. Address correspondence to G.D.P.     

内型异莰烷基一氯甲烷的合成

该文报道了从莰烯先经甲酰化制得8-甲酰基莰烯,再依次用Pd-C和Ni(R)催化氢化合成内型异莰烷基甲醇,使内型异莰烷基甲醇与亚硫酰氯反应合成内型异莰烷基一氯甲烷.产品进行了纯化和红外、核磁共振与质谱分析.为从莰烯合成新型的异莰烷类化合物开辟了一条新的途径.     

Enzymatic reduction of fatty acids and acyl-CoAs to long chain aldehydes and alcohols

Summary The properties of enzymatic systems involved in the synthesis of long chain aldehydes and alcohols have been reviewed. Fatty acid and acyl-CoA reductases are widely distributed and generate fatty alcohols for ether lipid and was ester synthesis as well as fatty aldehydes for bacterial bioluminescence. Fatty alcohol is generally the major product of fatty acid reduction in crude or membrane systems, although reductases which release fatty aldehydes as products have also been purified. The reduction of fatty acid proceeds through the ATP-dependent formation of acyl intermediates such as acyl-CoA and acyl protein, followed by reduction to aldehyde and alcohol with NAD(P)H. In most cases, both the rate of fatty acid conversion and acyl chain specificity of the reaction are determined at the level of reduction of the intermediate. The reduction of fatty acids represents the major pathway for the control of the synthesis of fatty aldehydes and alcohols. Several other enzymatic reactions involved in lipid degradation also release fatty aldehydes but do not apear to play an important role in long chain alcohol synthesis.     

固相催化合成伪紫罗兰酮

研究了用固体Al_2O_3-KF作碱性催化剂催化丙酮与柠檬醛合成伪紫罗兰酮的反应.探讨了催化剂的组成比、用量以及反应温度、反应时间等对产率的影响.表明该催化剂具有产率高(色谱分析达96%)、催化剂与产物易分离、反应条件温和、操作简便等优点。     

10-芳香基甲叉基蒽酮衍生物的合成

以蒽酮和芳香醛为原料，二甲苯为溶剂，吡啶催化法制取１０－芳香基甲叉基蒽酮。发现其生成物中除含有目标化合物１０－芳香堪甲叉基蒽酮外，还含有部分文献中没有报道的蒽酮氧化物，经物理方法确定其为蒽酮。该化合物不能用溶剂重结晶的方法将其从缩合产物中除去，有效的分离方法是升华。     

4,6,7,8-四氢-4,6-二芳基氧杂吖庚因[4,3-c]斯德酮顺反异构体的转化

用3-(3-苯基-3-羟基丙基)斯德酮和芳香醛反应合成了cis-和trans-4,6,7,8-四氢-4,6-二芳基氧杂吖庚因[4,3-c]斯德酮,这两种异构体在通常情况下都是稳定的,可以用柱层析进行分离提纯.在质子酸催化下,两种异构体均可以发生异构化,得到cis-和trans-异构体混合物.顺反式异构体的比例可以用1H NMR进行测定.     

乙醇汽油发动机排放特性研究

在一台JL368Q3多点电喷汽油机上，开展了乙醇汽油（不同掺混比）发动机排放特性的研究，并用GC2010气相色谱仪测量了排气中未燃醇醛的排放浓度．试验结果表明：在发动机运转参数相同的条件下，燃用E10、E20（乙醇的体积分数分别为10％、20％）混合燃料时，发动机的CO和NOx排放有了较好的改善，降幅可分别达到15％和5％，但在高负荷时发动机的HC排放增加；乙醇汽油发动机排气中的醇醛排放随发动机的转速和负荷增加而增加，其中乙醛排放随燃料中乙醇含量的增加而增加；经过三效催化转化后，乙醇汽油发动机的醇醛在大部分工况下可以实现零排放．     

合成氮氧自由基的一种简便方法

报道了一种合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的新方法，与传统方法对比，缩短了反应时间，提高了产率，是合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的一种简便方法．     

嗜热厌氧产乙醇杆菌乙醇代谢途径的初步研究

以乙醇产量和细胞密度的提高为目标,从碳源和氮源入手,对嗜热厌氧产乙醇杆菌THermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW200的培养基作了初步优化以提高乙醇代谢途径中的关键酶的得率,便于提纯.葡萄糖浓度的提高对乙醇的产生有明显的诱导作用,但当葡萄糖浓度高于2%,乙醇产量反而下降.酵母粉对乙醇产量没有促进作用,单纯提高酵母粉浓度对细胞密度无显著影响,而同时提高葡萄糖和酵母粉浓度至2.0%,OD600最高可达2.0.2%葡萄糖,0.5%酵母粉对单位细胞乙醇产量的诱导效果最佳.T.ethanolicusJW200粗酶液中未检测到丙酮酸脱羧酶的活性,经亲和柱Cibacron Blue-3GA部分纯化,在NAD洗脱蛋白中检测到辅酶A依赖型乙醛脱氢酶的活性,表明辅酶A依赖型乙醛脱氢酶是该菌乙醇代谢途径中的关键酶,它和乙醇脱氢酶共同作用,将乙酰辅酶A转化成乙醇.     

Antiquitin, a relatively unexplored member in the superfamily of aldehyde dehydrogenases with diversified physiological functions

Antiquitin is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. Sequence analyses indicate that the protein is highly conserved from plants to animals. The plant antiquitins are generally believed to play a role in osmoregulation and/or detoxification. The physiological functions of animal antiquitins remain largely elusive, their involvement in a number of human diseases has been implicated. Received 28 February 2006; received after revision 13 July 2006; accepted 31 August 2006