遗传算法在流体机械中应用的研究与发展

对遗传算法在流体机械中的应用的研究现状做了较全面的介绍 ,就各种应用进行了总结和评述 ,分析了遗传算法在流体机械中应用的难点 ,并对其发展方向提出了—些新的建议。     

智能材料与土木工程结构振动控制

结合国内外最新研究成果,综述了压电材料?电/磁流变液?形状记忆合金等智能材料的基本性能?工作原理及其在土木工程结构振动控制中的应用研究概况,并对研究及应用中存在的问题作了探讨.     

用光镊研究介质微粒在交流电场下的相互作用

综合利用光镊定位、高速摄像、图像处理系统和低介电常数电流变液颗粒，在动态情况下，直接验证交流外电场下电偶极子对间的相互作用。测量了2个μm量级的玻璃微珠之间作用力与球心间距和结构形成时间的关系，获得电流变颗粒在交流电场作用下的结构响应时间和相互作用强度。所采用的光镊－摄像－影像处理系统的空间分辨率为0．26μm，图像最高采样率为8000幅／s，对应的最优时间分辨率为125μs。由于所研究的体系使用同真实电流变颗粒同样大小的颗粒，所以对寻找更好的电流变液材料具有意义。     

Role of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-linked polymannose oligosaccharides in targeting glycoproteins for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation

Misfolded or incompletely assembled multisubunit glycoproteins undergo endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) regulated in large measure by their N-linked polymannose oligosaccharides. In this quality control system lectin interaction with Glc₃Man₉GlcNAc₂ glycans after trimming with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -glucosidases and -mannosidases sorts out persistently unfolded glycoproteins for N-deglycosylation and proteolytic degradation. Monoglucosylated (Glc₁Man₉GlcNAc₂) glycoproteins take part in the calnexin/calreticulin glucosylation-deglucosylation cycle, while the Man₈GlcNAc₂ isomer B product of ER mannosidase I interacts with EDEM. Proteasomal degradation requires retrotranslocation into the cytosol through a Sec61 channel and deglycosylation by peptide: N-glycosidase (PNGase); in alternate models both PNGase and proteasomes may be either free in the cytosol or ER membrane-imbedded/attached. Numerous proteins appear to undergo nonproteasomal degradation in which deglycosylation and proteolysis take place in the ER lumen. The released free oligosaccharides (OS) are transported to the cytosol as OS-GlcNAc₂ along with similar components produced by the hydrolytic action of the oligosaccharyltransferase, where they together with OS from the proteasomal pathway are trimmed to Man₅GlcNAc₁ by the action of cytosolic endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase and -mannosidase before entering the lysosomes. Some misfolded glycoproteins can recycle between the ER, intermediate and Golgi compartments, where they are further processed before ERAD. Moreover, properly folded glycoproteins with mannose-trimmed glycans can be deglucosylated in the Golgi by endomannosidase, thereby releasing calreticulin and permitting formation of complex OS. A number of regulatory controls have been described, including the glucosidase-glucosyltransferase shuttle, which controls the level of Glc₃Man₉GlcNAc₂-P-P-Dol, and the unfolded protein response, which enhances synthesis of components of the quality control system.Received 26 January 2004; accepted 25 February 2004     

Water in granulites: implications for the nature and evolution of the lower continental crust

The lower continental crust is one of the most important sphere-layers in the deep earth, and is the direct place where the crust-mantle interactions occur. Granulites are the dominated rocks in the lower crust, and have critical implications for the knowledge of the composition, nature and evolution of the deep crust; fluids are important mediums influencing many geochemical, geophysical and geodynamical characteristics of the lower crust, and may also play a fundamental role in the petrogenesis of granulites and the formation of the lower crusts. In this paper, we review recent advances involved with the deep continental crust, granulites and fluids, and some long-standing debates. Combined with the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis performed on the mineral assemblages (cpx, opx, plag and grt) in lower crustal granulite xenoliths and terrains (exposed section) from east China, it is suggested that structural water, dominated by OH, in these nominally anhydrous phases may constitute the most important water reservoir in the deep crust. This structual water may help to understand many lower crustal geological processes and phenomena (e.g. seismic activities and electrical conductive anomalies), and influences from these water must be taken into consideration.     

亚麻纤维蒸汽预处理研究

本实验讨论经高温高压水蒸汽处理后亚麻纤维的性能变化，优选亚麻纤维处理工艺，为亚麻纤维干纺提供了依据。     

用任意拉格朗日-欧拉法计算内燃机缸内流场

本文应用任意拉格朗日－欧拉法（ＡＬＥ）对内燃机压缩冲程缸内气体流动进行数 值模拟。采用可按规定速度运动的任意四边形网格，二维轴对称模型，燃烧室可具有 复杂几何形状。湍流的影响用简化的亚网格尺度湍流粘性公式模拟。对三台发动机作 了模拟计算，并与实验做了对比，其吻合程度是满意的。文中还对缸内挤压涡流的形 成和特点作了讨论。     

不同干密度粗粒土抗剪强度特征试验研究

剪切试验中,试样的形变特征决定了剪切强度特征,而干密度,含水率和围压都会影响试样的形变特征。因此通过开展不固结不排水三轴剪切试验,用实测的办法在不同轴向应变时对试样直径的增量进行量测。试验结果表明,剪切过程主要由体压缩阶段、鼓状变形阶段和剪切破坏面发展阶段组成,其中鼓状变形阶段是试验剪切过程的主要变形阶段、干密度的增加表现出试样的鼓状变形与剪切破坏阶段较为明显;含水率的增加提高了试样的塑性,增加了实测直径增量值;围压与端部效应共同作用,围压越大,鼓状变形越明显,实测直径增量就越大。通过形变特征计算剪切强度,分别以试样直径最大增量值和中部1/3部分平均直径值计算剪切强度,结果表明两者应力应变特征基本一致,但最大直径所得剪切强度值相对较小。     

南阳膨胀土土水特征曲线试验研究

为研究南阳膨胀土土水特征曲线,采用美国Soil moisture公司生产的陶土板进气值为15 bar的压力板仪对原状样和重塑样进行了研究;其中原状样进行了不同高度或面积系列下的研究,重塑样进行了不同干密度或含水率系列下的研究;并采用控制变量法来得出结论。研究结果表明:1面积增加对原状试样的持水特性没有影响,但是高度对土水特征曲线的影响很大,高度增加使得在相同吸力下土样含水率增加,脱水难度增大;2对于重塑样,在相同干密度条件下,低吸力条件土样含水率随初始含水率的增加而增加,随着吸力的增加,从某一吸力值开始,含水率随吸力的增加而降低,初始含水率越高,这个值越低;3在相同的初始含水率条件下,低吸力条件干密度越低含水率越高,随着吸力增加,干密度越低,土样的含水率下降的越快,各试样的含水率开始接近,最后低干密度试样的含水率趋于一致;4考虑体积变化的影响对土水特征曲线进行修正并进行模型拟合,最后表明VG模型能够较好地模拟原状膨胀土的土水特征曲线。     

蓝靛瑶传统科技中的陆稻生产技术

陆稻种植是蓝靛瑶的游耕山地农业的基本生产内容．文章总结蓝靛瑶人根据陆稻生长的生态环境，创造出适应陆稻生产的耕作制度、种植方法、生产技术、种子提纯及植保等知识与经验，鉴于蓝靛瑶人有用陆稻种子种植于水田的生产经验，如能深入研究，陆稻将被再认识，对现代农业产生重大的影响