铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的微观结构和耐蚀性

采用非对称方波输出模式的恒流交流电源,利用微弧氧化方法在铝合金表面沉积Al2O3陶瓷膜,考察了微弧氧化工艺参数(电流密度、处理时间)对膜层微观结构和耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:工艺参数对膜层组织结构和性能的影响存在较佳的范围,即氧化时间为15-20min,电流密度在20A/dm2左右;氧化时间过短时,试样表面存在陶瓷膜未完全覆盖的区域,而当电流密度过大时,膜层表面将会出现大量的显微裂纹,导致膜层性能大幅度降低;在恒流非对称方波输出模式下,工艺参数对膜层的相组成影响不大,微弧氧化膜层由晶态Al2O3和非晶态Al2O3组成.     

胰岛素抵抗及高血糖对GFAT活性的影响

分别观察了胰岛素抵抗和高血糖水平对己糖胺途径限速酶GFAT活性的影响.在alloxan高血糖小鼠模型中,与正常对照组比较,血清果糖胺水平升高了15.9%,肾组织GFAT活性升高了32.8%;经胰岛素治疗后,血清果糖胺水平降低了9.7%,其肾组织GFAT活性也降低了l9.4%.在高糖高脂饲料诱导的胰岛素抵抗的IR小鼠中,与同批正常对照组比较,正糖钳实验中稳态时葡萄糖输注率G IR值降低了69.3%,胰岛素耐量实验中的AUC值升高了38.1%,其肾脏组织GFAT活性也增加了26.6%.在胰岛素诱导的具有胰岛素抵抗的IR-H IR c细胞模型中,与正常H IR c细胞比较,其10、25 nmol/L胰岛素诱导的葡萄糖摄取能力分别降低了25.3%、21.1%,而GFAT活性分别增加了29.7%、46.5%.可见,GFAT活性与一段时间的平均血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗状态密切正相关.     

How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves

Plants have an innate immunity system to defend themselves against pathogens. With the primary immune system, plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) of potential pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate a basal defense response. Plant pathogens suppress this basal defense response by means of effectors that enable them to cause disease. With the secondary immune system, plants have gained the ability to recognize effector-induced perturbations of host targets through resistance proteins (RPs) that mediate a strong local defense response that stops pathogen growth. Both primary and secondary immune responses in plants depend on germ line-encoded PRRs and RPs. During induction of local immune responses, systemic immune responses also become activated, which predispose plants to become more resistant to subsequent pathogen attacks. This review gives an update on recent findings that have enhanced our understanding of plant innate immunity and the arms race between plants and their pathogens. Received 24 June 2007; received after revision 18 July 2007; accepted 15 August 2007     

Regulation of insulin receptor function

Resistance to the biological actions of insulin contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease. A reduced biological response to insulin by tissues results from an impairment in the cascade of phosphorylation events within cells that regulate the activity of enzymes comprising the insulin signaling pathway. In most models of insulin resistance, there is evidence that this decrement in insulin signaling begins with either the activation or substrate kinase activity of the insulin receptor (IR), which is the only component of the pathway that is unique to insulin action. Activation of the IR can be impaired by post-translational modifications of the protein involving serine phosphorylation, or by binding to inhibiting proteins such as PC-1 or members of the SOCS or Grb protein families. The impact of these processes on the conformational changes and phosphorylation events required for full signaling activity, as well as the role of these mechanisms in human disease, is reviewed in this article. Received 3 August 2006; received after revision 1 December 2006; accepted 8 January 2007     

Forecasting Longevity Gains Using a Seemingly Unrelated Time Series Model

In this paper a multivariate time series model using the seemingly unrelated time series equation (SUTSE) framework is proposed to forecast longevity gains. The proposed model is represented in state space form and uses Kalman filtering to estimate the unobservable components and fixed parameters. We apply the model both to male mortality rates in Portugal and the USA. Our results compare favorably, in terms of mean absolute percentage error, in‐sample and out‐of‐sample, to those obtained by the Lee–Carter method and some of its extensions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

预应力水冲桩抗裂性能研究分析

某码头工程下部结构采用预应力水冲锤击桩,试桩过程中发现,在贯入度较大的情况下桩身多处产生横向裂缝,使桩尖无法达到设计标高。为分析产生裂缝原因,通过静荷载试验的方法检验桩身的抗裂性能;结果表明张拉控制应力未达到设计值,是导致桩身产生环向裂缝的主要原因;提出适当调整预应力,能够有效地解决预应力水冲桩桩身裂缝的问题。     

铁磁/半导体/铁磁隧道结中的隧穿磁电阻

采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法研究了具有不同自旋指向的极化电子渡越铁磁/半导体/铁磁隧道结的隧穿几率和隧穿磁电阻。研究表明隧穿几率和隧穿磁电阻随半导体长度的改变发生周期性变化、随Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的改变发生准周期变化,并且在两铁磁电极中磁矩取向平行时,选择适当的半导体的长度和Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度可以得到较大的隧穿磁电阻。     

用于盐酸阿霉素增敏的双给药水凝胶体系制备

多药耐药型乳腺癌细胞对抗癌药物盐酸阿霉素(DOX·HCl)敏感性下降,需要设计和制备一种实现抗癌药物增敏的给药体系.提出一种同时负载DOX·HCl和齐墩果酸(OA)的双给药聚乙二醇水凝胶体系.该体系基于具有亲水和疏水性的聚乙二醇水凝胶,实现DOX·HCl和OA的共包封和共释放.两种药物的释放通过氧-迈克尔加成反应和醇修...     

闽南地区农村住宅安全性现状及防灾建议

在对厦门市海沧区近9 000栋农村住宅的安全性和耐久性现状普查基础上,分析该地区农村住宅的结构类型分布特点和不同类型房屋的安全性等级分布.针对该地区农村住宅存在的安全性和耐久性问题,提出该地区农村住宅防御自然灾害,特别是防御地震灾害的相关建议.     

不同pH值对Au/CaM膜结合Ca2+的电化学行为研究

采用交流阻抗的方法,在包含1 mmol/L Fe(CN)63-/4-的0.15 mol/L的NaCl溶液中,研究了Au/CaM膜在不同的酸碱环境下结合Ca2 的电化学行为.结果表明:在pH为6.5的环境下Au/CaM膜结合Ca2 的能力要比在pH为4.5环境下的强.