不同品系黑腹果蝇细胞系的建立(Ⅰ)——影响细胞系建立的某些因素

果蝇细胞作为真核细胞基因表达的载体和受体系统是生物工程的一个重要研究内容。为着这一目的,我们对不同品系的黑腹果蝇(D.melanogaster)细胞进行了广泛的细胞培养试验。结果表明:繁殖世代在3～40代之内,发育6±2h的果绳胚胎是建立细胞系的最好材料。     

Accumulation of drastic mutants in selection lines for resistance to the insecticides dichlorvos and malathion inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Viability tests were performed on second and third chromosomes from lines ofDrosophila melanogaster selected for increased resistance to the organophosphorus insecticides dichlorvos and malathion, in order to evaluate the accumulation of drastic alleles. Our results show that malathion reduces significantly the relative viability of chromosome 3 and also increases the frequency of drastic alleles in this chromosome, while dichlorvos increases significnatly the frequency of drastic alleles in chromosome 2.Work supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Grant No. 0577/84 CAICYT).—We are grateful to Productos Cruz Verde S.A. and Agrocrós S.A. for generously supplying the insecticides dichlorvos and malathion, respectively.     

银额果蝇(Drosophila albomicans)细胞色素b基因的初步研究

通过PCR直接测序和克隆后测序的方法获得了不同银额果蝇单雌系细胞色素b基因的部分序列,并对这些序列进行分析．结果表明银额果蝇单雌系细胞色素b基因存在着一定的地理分化,银额果蝇细胞色素b基因序列不仅在不同地理群体间存在着差异,而且同一地理群体内也存在着差异,有时群体内的差异比群体间的差异还要显著．通过研究再一次说明了银额果蝇的分化已达到亚种和半种水平．     

Description of the aberrant Leptopilina lasallei n. sp., with an updated phylogeny of Leptopilina Förster (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)

ABSTRACT

In the search for native Asian parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii, the notorious spotted-wing Drosophila (SWD), an odd new species of Eucoilinae was discovered. Leptopilina lasallei sp. nov. is herein described and diagnosed relative to other eucoilines associated with drosophilid hosts. Morphologically, L. lasallei is somewhat aberrant within Leptopilina; phylogenetically, L. lasallei is sister group to the core Leptopilina. In the process of investigating L. lasallei, a de novo molecular phylogeny of Leptopilina was generated and is included here. The integrated approach used for the characterisation of L. lasallei, and the resulting phylogeny of Leptopilina, produced data useful to select parasitoid species for SWD biological control.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:402D504A-4616-4524-85D7-1C13A6276F06 http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:402D504A-4616-4524-85D7-1C13A6276F06     

热提羊栖菜多糖对黑腹果蝇生长的影响

【目的】研究经热提醇沉得到的羊栖菜多糖(SFPs)对黑腹果蝇生长的影响。【方法】采用85℃热水煮提,乙醇沉淀,氯化钙去除褐藻淀粉等多种工序提取羊栖菜多糖,并分析其化学性质;以黑腹果蝇为实验对象,研究羊栖菜多糖浓度对黑腹果蝇幼虫体型、体重和羽化的影响。【结果】经热提醇沉得到的羊栖菜多糖纯度较高,总糖含量高达81.93%,分子量和单糖组成较稳定。与对照组相比,经羊栖菜多糖处理后,黑腹果蝇在体型和体重上均有增加。实验组0.1%♀和1.5%♀与对照组CK♀存在显著差异(P0.05),0.5%♀组与对照组CK♀存在极显著差异(P0.01);实验组0.1%♂、0.5%♂、1.5%♂与对照组CK♂存在显著差异,但实验组之间并没有显著差异,其中1.5%♂组增重最为明显。实验组与对照组在幼虫孵化率上存在显著差异;对照组黑腹果蝇从卵至羽化为5~8d,0.1%和0.5%组为6~9d,1.5%组为6~10d。0.1%♀、1.5%♀、0.1%♂组与相对应的对照组相比,羽化数量存在显著差异;对比羽化成虫雌雄比例,只有1.5%组与CK组存在显著差异。【结论】经热提醇沉法提取的羊栖菜多糖性质稳定,能降低黑腹果蝇幼虫羽化率,延长幼虫羽化时间,对果蝇后代的雌雄比例略有影响,同时可以增大成虫体型,增加成虫体重。     

果蝇新品系开发与种质资源保存

摘要: 黑腹果蝇( Drosophila melanogaster) 是当今生物医学研究领域最重要的模式生物之一。良好的饲养、高效的转基因构建和规范化的品系保存是顺利开展果蝇实验的三大基石。清华大学果蝇中心作为国内最大的果蝇资源平台,积累了丰富的果蝇操作和维护经验。本文综合介绍了清华大学果蝇中心在日常饲养、品系开发和种质保存等方面建立的标准化操作体系,旨在为广大科研同仁提供经验参考,加快我国在以果蝇为模式生物研究生物医学重大问题等领域的研究进程。     

Chromosomal localization of the locus PGM (phosphoglucomutase) inDrosophila buzzatii

Summary The locus PGM ofD. buzzatii is localized in the linkage group of chromosome 4, outside the region blocked by the inversion 4s and with a recombination percentage of about 16% from the inversion breakpoint.     

马齿苋对果蝇寿命和繁殖力的影响

以黑腹果蝇为材料,探究1％、2．5％、5％、7．5％和10％（mL/100mL）浓度组马齿苋对果蝇寿命和繁殖力的影响．结果显示,各剂量组的马齿苋均能不同程度延长果蝇寿命、增强果蝇繁殖力,且对果蝇后代的雌雄比例无显著影响,其中2．5％浓度组与对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0．01）,最高延寿率和增殖率分别高达67．07％和42．98％．表明马齿苋具有延缓衰老和促进果蝇繁殖力的功效．     

The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A influences the development of Drosophila melanogaster

We examined the consequences of the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. When fed to flies, TSA caused lethality and delayed development at concentrations as low as 5 μM, had stronger effects on males than females, and acted synergistically with mutations in the gene encoding the RPD3 deacetylase to cause notched wings, but did not appear to affect a SINA signaling pathway that is normally repressed by the SIN3 corepressor. These findings suggest that deacetylated histones play an important role in normal developmental progression and establish parameters for genetic screens to dissect the role of deacetylases in this process. Received 14 June 2001; received after revision 31 July 2001; accepted 21 August 2001     

核糖体蛋白S3表达减少对果蝇发育的影响

为探讨核糖体蛋白S3在果蝇（Drosophila）发育中的作用,采用RNAi法,分别在果蝇和果蝇s2细胞中干扰核糖体蛋白S3表达,观察对果蝇表型的影响。结果显示,减少核糖体蛋白S3表达引起果蝇幼虫发育延迟,眼睛、翅膀和刚毛生长缺陷等。进一步实验表明,在翅原基中有明显的凋亡信号;S2细胞数目减少;细胞凋亡和细胞周期相关基因表达异常。上述结果暗示核糖体蛋白s3丧达减少导致的果蝇发育改变可能通过细胞凋亡的方式来实现。