封洲禁牧对鄱阳湖疫区血吸虫病水体感染性影响的研究

简介了鄱阳湖血吸虫病的流行概况,巧妙地设计出不灭钉螺、采取封洲禁牧等综合措施,从而做到有螺无害、净化草洲,有效地降低鄱阳湖疫区血吸虫病水体的感染性指数。     

长江源头典型湖泊表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留状况

选择地处长江源头典型湖泊之一的红枫湖为试区,对该水域的14个典型采样点表层沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量进行了调研,以揭示长江源头典型湖泊中PCBs的残留现状,以及各种同系物在湖泊底质中的分布特征.结果表明:PCBs残留总量介于ND~87.7 ng/g之间,平均值在27.2 ng/g,主要以4~6氯联苯为主.按残留量均值从高到低的几种同系物依次是:PCB138>PCB153>PCB126>PCB180>PCB105;检出率较高的几种同系物依次是:PCB153>PCB138>PCB126>PCB180.PCBs含量具有明显的地域性,以花鱼洞大桥为界限,将湖分为南北两湖,PCBs总含量北湖明显高于南湖.初步认为工业污染和PCBs理化性质是造成百花湖底质中PCBs来源的主要原因.     

植物对再生水回用于景观湖泊的水质调控能力研究

基于水生植物具有减缓和抑制水体富营养化、净化水质的作用,通过调控水生植物生物量,研究再生水回用于景观湖泊中水质恶化风险控制方法.结果表明,在直接回用再生水的景观湖泊中,随植物覆盖率由0增长到80%,水生植物能够降低94%的水体感官性污染,抑制92%的藻类滋生,实现92%NH3-N和近70%TP的有效去除,延长2倍水体水质稳定时间.此外,综合比较景观湖泊经济及景观价值,55%植物覆盖率能有效降低水体富营养化风险,是一种再生水回用于景观湖泊植物调控水质的有效布设方式.     

玉山县石灰岩红壤地区宅前小流域开发治理研究

该文以玉山县宅前小流域开发治理规划为例，指出红壤地区小流域治理指导思想和应遵循原则，提出以山顶及坡度≥２５°的山坡营造防护林，坡度＜２５°的山坡实行等高开垦为水土保持措施；同时兴修水利，建立山地灌溉体系，努力提高劳动者素质，加速区域经济发展．此小流域开发治理将为我国南方未开发的红壤地区充分利用自然资源提供一个典范     

跨世纪的徐州市水运网建设布局研究

简单回溯徐州市水运发展历程，剖析其存在问题及原因，综合评价其战略地位和基本条件，根据航道及水运发展的基本原则，着重提出了跨世纪的市域航道建设与布局的“一个中心，两大通道，三片循环，四面出口”总格局．     

基于RS和GIS的小流域土壤侵蚀量估算研究

介绍了修正通用土壤流失方程及各因子算法．选取三峡库区太平溪小流域为研究区域,通过遥感和野外调查进行信息采集,建立了流域环境数据库．在GIS支持下,根据土壤流失监测模型对数据库实施运算操作,估算了流域土壤侵蚀量。     

Dating recent lake sediments using spheroidal carbonaceous particle （SCP）

Dating lake sediment using sedimentary event is the supplement and calibration to traditional dating by radionuclide such as ^210Pb and ^137Cs. Based on the change of spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration, the age sequence of lake sediments can be deduced. It is one of the dating methods using sedimentary event. SCP is formed from combustion of fossil fuel at high temperature up to1750℃ and at a rate of heating of approaching 104℃/s. It can be dispersed to several hundred kilometers away from its source and deposited with precipitation or dryly deposited, and kept in sediments. Compared with Cs or Pb, there is no evidence for SCP that it decays in lake sediments and is unremovable once stored except by physical disturbance because it is mainly composed of element carbon. Handy method to extract, identify and calculate has been developed. Although fossil fuel has been used early in China, combustion at high temperature started later since emergence of electricity generation. The productivity of SCP is positively related with the generated thermal power, which is reflected as the SCP concentration in lake sediments increases with the increase of generated thermal power. Therefore, reliable sediment markers from the start of the SCP record and the remarkable variation can be used for dating purpose. In China, electricity industry started from the 1950s, and rapid increase of generated power took place since 1978. Based on these time markers, SCP time sequences of lake sediment cores LH and LL-4 from Longgan Lake, the middle reach of the Yangtze River, have been established, which is comparable with the results from ^137Cs and ^210pb, and has eliminated the errors of dating using ^137Cs and ^210pb.     

历史上洞庭湖面积的变迁

本文根据历史资料,对所谓“洞庭湖方八百里”的说法进行了分析,并论证了各个历史时期的湖水面积的变动。作者估算:汉晋南朝时期的湖面积约为6,000平方公里,唐宋时期缩小为3,300平方公里,元明时期扩大到5,600平方公里左右,清代中期,缩小为不足4,000平方公里,清末又扩大达5,400平方公里,二十世纪上半叶基本变动于4,000至5,000平方公里之间。湖面积这种周期性变化的原因就在于:湖底淤垫与湖泊水位抬升之间关系的演化,以及围湖垦殖活动的兴衰。     

膨胀石墨对碱性嫩黄和聚乙二醇的竞争吸附性能

以硫酸为插层剂,高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备了膨胀石墨(EG)吸附剂.以聚乙二醇PEG(相对分子质量为10 000)和染料碱性嫩黄-O(ALYO)为吸附质,研究了其在EG上的吸附、竞争吸附热力学及动力学性能.研究表明:1)EG对ALYO和PEG都有一定吸附能力,ALYO和PEG在EG上的吸附及竞争吸附等温线均为I型;2)在2组分共存竞争吸附中,第2种吸附质的存在会降低第1种吸附质在EG上的吸附量,ALYO和PEG在EG相同结构位点上存在竞争吸附;3)竞争吸附中EG对2种组分的总吸附量高于单组分体系中单个组分的吸附量,ALYO和PEG可以分别吸附在EG的不同结构位点上;4)吸附和竞争吸附过程均可以用准二级模型来描述,吸附速率常数随吸附过程温度的升高而增大;5)吸附作用以物理吸附为主.