万里对人民公社体制的批判与否定

诞生于狂热＂大跃进＂年代的、作为向共产主义过渡桥梁的人民公社,面世之后连续给中国人民带来了两场大灾难。但其作为载入党的文件和共和国宪法而得以肯定的体制,是难以被撼动的。万里在人民公社诞生之初就提出了质疑,在1978年中央工作会议上尖锐而系统地批判了人民公社三大体制性弊端,要求进行改革。与此同时,他和安徽省的广大农民、干部,在实践中率先突破＂左＂的束缚,推行包产、包干到户,否定人民公社体制。万里于1980年进入中央决策层后,在邓小平、胡耀邦的支持下,将双包到户推向全国,并最终形成了以家庭联产承包责任制为主体、统分结合、双层经营的现行体制。1993年召开的八届人大一次会议,接受万里的提议,修改了宪法,将＂农村家庭联产承包责任制长期不变＂载入宪法,把＂人民公社＂从宪法中删除。     

宛西地方精英投身乡村建设的动因分析

20世纪20～30年代宛西社会的持续衰退和动荡，给各阶层民众的生活造成严重危害，人们对现实强烈不满，对地方政权彻底失望，一种普遍期望太平的求治之心愈加迫切。正是在这种情势下，宛西地方精英迅速崛起，他们立志图新，整顿时局，自行处理地方事务，推行自治建设。     

论万里的城市规划与建设思想

作为新中国第一任城市建设部部长的万里,在领导我国城市规划建设中,始终贯彻实事求是从实际出发的思想;根据本国国情来建设自己城市的思想;实行统一规划、统一建设和统一管理的思想;坚持城市规划建设要与工业建设相配合的思想;注重城市规划建设人才培养的思想;合理改造旧城市的思想等。这些思想,对推动当前我国的城市规划建设仍具有重要的指导意义。     

Twenty-five years of change in scleractinian coral communities of Daya Bay （northern South China Sea） and its response to the 2008 AD extreme cold climate event

Coral reefs worldwide are becoming increasingly and detrimentally impacted upon by a variety of factors including significant climate changes, such as global warming and increased El Nino-Southern Oscillation activity. Generally, the persistence of coral reefs, especially at low-latitudes, is governed, in part, by sea surface temperatures not exceeding the critical limit （-30℃） at which mass mortality can occur. Thus, it is thought that corals living at high-latitudes （i.e., currently cooler sea surface temperatures） will likely respond more favourably to hypothesized future temperature increases than corals living at low-latitudes （i.e., currently warmer sea surface temperatures）. Consequently, high-latitude coral communities may have the potential to act as regions of refugia for many coral species in the face of potential future global warming. The Daya Bay （22°31′--22°50′N）, northern South China Sea, contains several high-latitude non-reefal coral communities and represents one of the most northerly distributions of scleractinian corals within the region. Significantly, Daya Bay has experienced dramatic warming in both air and sea surface temperatures throughout the past 50 years. In this paper, we analyze 25 years of change in the Daya Bay coral communities, based both on historic surveys and our latest 2006--2008 regional ecological surveys. Our results suggest that, contrary to predictions, there have been significant declines in coral cover within the Daya Bay during the past 25 years （i.e., 76.6% coral cover in 1983/1984 to only 15.3% coral cover by 2008）. Such changes also reflect a significant shift in the most abundant coral species, from Acropora pruinosa to Favites abdita. Most of the modern coral communities became established between 15 and 30 years ago, corresponding to a period of increased winter sea surface temperature. However, very few colonies have become established within the last 15 years, despite a more intense period of warming. By taking into account additional factors, we hypothesize that direct anthropogenic impacts, rather than climatic events, have both restricted the development, and drove the decline, of Daya Bay coral communities in the last 15 years. The Daya Bay has also been subjected to occasional extreme cold events during the past 50 years, with the most recent occurring in early 2008 （13 January-13 February）. During the 2008 cold event, the lowest air temperature reaches only 6.6℃, and the mean sea surface temperature for February fall to 〈 14℃, including six continuous days at 12.3℃. Significantly, the sea surface temperatures fall below the hypothesized critical lower temperature threshold （-13℃） that commonly leads to mass mortality in scleractinian coral communities. Surprisingly, our coral community surveys, conducted both before （August 2007） and after （late February 2008） the extreme 2008 cold event, demonstrate that the Daya Bay coral ecosystems are barely impacted upon during the cold period. Those observations suggest that the Daya Bay scleractinian coral communities have developed adaptations to low sea surface temperatures. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that high-latitude coral communities, such as Daya Bay, have the potential to act as areas of refugia for scleractinian corals in the advent of potential future global warming.     

大亚湾核电站概率风险分析

大亚湾核电站的概率风险分析（ＰＲＡ）项目于１９９８年１２月通过了国际原子能机构（ＩＡＥＡ）的同行评审,ＩＡＥＡ专家对大亚湾核电站的ＰＲＡ给予了充分的肯定,认为大亚湾核电站在ＰＲＡ领域已建立了良好的基础,本文介绍了大亚湾核电站最新的一级概率风险分析结果．     

环磷酰胺化疗所致骨髓抑制的中药(寿胎丸)干预研究

用骨髓有核细胞和白细胞计数的方法研究了化疗药物环磷酰胺(CTX)对小鼠骨髓的抑制作用和中药寿胎丸(FPP)的干预效应.结果表明: 1) CTX有明显的骨髓抑制作用,表现在骨髓有核细胞和外周血白细胞数量显著减少(P＜0.05);2) FPP对CTX所致的骨髓抑制有显著的干预效应,表现在明显减弱CTX骨髓抑制所造成的骨髓有核细胞和外周血白细胞数量的减少;3) 白细胞着丝粒蛋白B(CenpB)的表达水平与骨髓抑制及骨髓抑制干预效应明显相关(P＜0.05),可作为一种检测指标.     

大亚湾核电站人因事件经验反馈与预防对策

本文总结了大亚湾核电站商运五年来在运行、维修过程中发生的各类人因事件,总计８６０起,占事件总数（包括２４小时事件,电厂运行事件和内部运行事件）的４１．３％．人因事件主要发生在维修、试验、设备隔离和系统在线过程中,而以大修期间最为突出．文中分析了人因事件的根本原因：误操作、规程缺陷、没有遵守规程、培训不足和工作组织不力等．提出了预防对策和处理原则,并列举其相应人因事件的典型实例．最后指出,在预防人因事件过程中,最重要的环节是协调管理,最关键岗位是工作负责人,最主要途径是培养工作人员良好的工作习惯     

店湾煤业老空水防治方法探讨

大量小煤矿关闭后形成的积水,使得水害治理难度加大,严重威胁着矿井安全.本文介绍了同煤集团店湾煤业防治老空积水技术,总结出了探、放、排老空水的防治水方法.     

中国农地制度改革的“第三条道路”——从列宁论农地制度的“美国式道路”、“普鲁士式道路”谈起

从制度经济学的角度看,家庭联产承包经营属于农地制度变迁过程中的制度创新,在这个创新过程中,最重要的政治人物是万里。通过对列宁论农地制度变迁的＂美国式道路＂和＂普鲁士式道路＂的比较,从而指出在邓小平改革思想指引下,由万里在安徽发轫的农地制度改革是不同于＂美国式道路＂和＂普鲁士式道路＂的＂第三条道路＂。而此道路对于总结农村改革经验,廓清农村改革整体图景,透视农村土地制度变迁启示良多。     

如何看待王朔与金庸的论争

文章从宏观上评价前一段文坛上的王朔、金庸之争,认为这是文化板块运动碰撞的反映.王朔是北京文化的雅中之俗,金庸是港台文化的俗中之雅.王向金挑战,一是自身不硬,二是选错了对象.但王朔率性而为,天真可爱,歪打正着,打破了两大板块之间的沉闷的平衡.王的飞刀欠准,金的弱点在于缺少塞万提斯的洞穿历史的眼光.