Millennial temperature reconstruction based on tree-ring widths of Qilian juniper from Wulan, Qinghai Province, China

The climate of the past 1000 years is an important context for evaluating the recent climate warming. However, there are few 1000-year-long climate reconstructions with annual resolution in the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, a dendroclimatic analysis was conducted for the radial growth of Qilian juniper from the upper forest limit in Wulan, Qinghai Province. The results of correlation analysis between the tree-ring widths and the climate variables indicate that the growth of junipers at the upper forest limit is mainly limited by low temperatures of September, November and February of the pregrowth season, and July of the current growth season. There is no significant correlation between the tree-ring widths and precipitation. A mean temperature from the previous year＇s September to the current year＇s April was reconstructed for the Wulan area since A.D. 1000. The reconstruction can explain 40.8% of the instrumental variance in the calibration period （1856-2002）. The reconstruction shows that the 20th century is the warmest 100 years, and the 1990s is the warmest decade during the past 1000 years, while the coldest 100 years and decade occur at 1600-1699 and 1642-1651, respectively. The variations are verified well by the temperature reconstruction of the middle Qilian Mountain （QL） and the total organic carbon （TOC） in the Qinghai Lake sediments. The comparison of our reconstruction with the annual temperature reconstruction of extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere suggests that the climate of Wulan during the Medieval Warm Period is of obvious regional specialty, but there was a good response to the climate of hemispheric scales during the recent 400 years.     

低温下被动的运动前身体加温对高强度运动中生理反应的影响

本文针对运动前身体的温度提高而引起的一系列生理反应有利于运动成绩的提高作了一些证明．对温度作了设定,测试最大摄氧量与乳酸浓度．结果表明,被动的身体加温比低温暴露实验中的血乳酸浓度低．呼吸交换比率（RER）的运动中最大值PW实验比CE实验显示有意低值．运动中的心率平均值,PW实验比CE实验显示有意高值．运动中的主观性工作强度（RPE）平均值,PW实验比CE实验显示有意低值．     

中国城市居民生活碳排放的量化——个人碳排放计算器的设计与应用

根据IPCC温室气体清单方法,以投入产出表为基础,测算直接和间接碳排放系数,确定我国城市居民日常生活碳排放的量化公式.使用Visual Studio软件开发工具,制作出可以独立运行于WindowsXP、Win7等操作系统的碳排放计算器.以问卷调查和计算器为基础,分析我国城市居民的消费模式,计算人均每天碳排放.针对特定案例,对个人碳排放进行动态分析,为个人减少碳排放提供简便易行的帮助指导.     

农田土壤固碳及其影响因子研究进展

固碳过程对于改善土壤质量、维持农田生态系统、保障全球粮食安全、缓解气候变化趋势等至关重要。本文介绍了农田土壤的生物与非生物固碳过程,阐述了土壤质地、水热变化、全球变暖和人为因素对农田土壤固碳过程的影响。总结了目前较受重视的一些农田固碳措施（施肥、灌溉、秸秆还田、生物炭质施入等）及其对农田土壤固碳能力的改善和应用中存在的问题,并对今后的相关研究作出展望。     

1961~2005年南宁灾害性天气气候事件的变化

利用1961～2005年南宁市最高、最低和平均温度资料,分析近50a来南宁市的气温变化特征,通过气候变暖前后灾害性天气气候事件的对比,分析南宁市灾害性天气气候事件的变化规律。结果表明,1961～2005年南宁市年平均气温增温趋势明显,温度变率为0．3C／10a,各季节平均气温均呈上升趋势,秋季增温最明显,冬季次之,夏季位居第三,春季增温最小。年平均最高气温呈较弱的增暖,变率为0．13C／10a,而年平均最低气温的增暖趋势比年平均最高气温明显,为0．36C／10a。年平均日校差的变化则呈递减的趋势,变率为-0．23C／10a。在全球气候增暖和城市化快速发展的过程中,南宁市的灾害性天气气候事件发生了明显的变化：极端强降水有增加趋势,高温天气明显增多,持续高温天气加剧,雷暴和大风日数明显减少,春季低温阴雨天气减少。南宁市灾害性天气气候事件变化的原因可能与全球气候变暖有关,城市化可能是造成南宁市灾害性天气气候事件变化的主要原因。     

Self-organized criticality of power system faults and its application in adaptation to extreme climate

This paper analyzes the statistics of faults in a transmission and distribution networks in central China, unveils long-term autocorrelation and power law distribution of power system faults, which indicates that power system fault has self-organized criticality (SOC) feature. The conclusion is consistent with the power systems data in 2008 with ice storm present. Since power systems cover large areas, climate is the key factor to its safety and stability. In-depth analysis shows that the SOC of atmosphere system contributes much to that of power system faults. Extreme climate will be more intense and frequent with global warming, it will have more and more impact upon power systems. The SOC feature of power system faults is utilized to develop approaches to facilitate power systems adaptation to climate variation in an economical and efficient way. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB219701), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50595414), and Youth Scientific & Technological Innovation Project of CSEE     

气候变暖威胁人类健康

为了提高气候变化公众意识和促进公众参与减缓气候变化的行动,保护健康,对国内外大量的最新的相关科研成果进行了研究,结果表明:气候变暖不仅带来高温热浪,也会导致极端天气事件频发;几种重要媒介传播疾病增加;营养不良;臭氧层破坏等,并结合我国的国情提出对策建议.     

全球环境变化与生物入侵

全球环境变化将对地球生态系统的物种多样性及其分布产生重要而深远的影响:一方面可能使部分地区的生态系统对外来物种的抗性弱化;另一方面将激活外来物种的活性,导致外来生物的快速扩散和大规模入侵,进而排挤和"杀死"当地乡土物种,减少生物多样性,改变原有生态系统的组成、结构和功能.提出了加强对入侵物种的预测、监控,以及立足于生态系统和整个社会来应对生物入侵的策略,以期为预防和控制生物入侵提供参考.     

全球变暖的宏观经济脉冲模型及其法律对策研究

研究了全球气候变暖的减排对策及其对经济环境的影响.根据构建的全球变暖的宏观经济脉冲模型,讨论了各参数对经济环境的影响,并对我国应对全球气候变暖进行了对策研究.     

人工湿地3种植物凋落物分解及其对水位降低的响应

为了解人工湿地种植的3种植物凋落物分解特征,采用网袋法,通过1 a的凋落物分解实验,研究了人工湿地3种植物(美人蕉、狭叶香蒲和梭鱼草)凋落物储量、凋落物分解动态及其对水位降低的响应.结果表明：美人蕉、狭叶香蒲和梭鱼草3种植物凋落物储量分别为1 887.83、1 073.25、2 358.86 g·m－2;分解1 a后,3种凋落物年分解率各自为63.5%、46.5%、61.1%,且它们之间存在差异显著(p<0.05).通过Olson 经典指数模型拟合的3种凋落物分解方程,表明了美人蕉凋落物分解速率最高(k＝0.063),其次为梭鱼草(k＝0.047),最小为狭叶香蒲(k＝0.032);湿地植物立枯期间,模拟3种植物美人蕉、狭叶香蒲、梭鱼草的枯落物(叶)在立枯期间的分解速率比枯落物死亡后放置地表的分解速率各自减少6.9%、8.6%和6.9%.人工湿地岸带,水位降低,美人蕉、狭叶香蒲、梭鱼草3种植物凋落物的分解速率分别较水淹条件下增加了33.8%、42.5%和69.6%.这些结果表明气候变暖,可能降低湿地岸带水位,进而增强湿地碳释放.