包囊游仆虫休眠细胞中大核和线粒体DNA的多态性

为了探索纤毛虫休眠细胞中两套遗传系统的作用特征,对包囊游仆虫（Euplotes encysticus）休眠细胞与营养细胞大核DNA和线粒体DNA进行了RAPD比较.结果显示,在所选用的35条随机引物中,包囊游仆虫大核DNA共扩增出220条片段,其中以休眠细胞大核DNA为模板扩增出18条特有片段,以营养细胞大核DNA为模板扩增出44条特有片段,两者存在28%的差异.在所选用的32条随机引物中,线粒体DNA共扩增出154条片段,其中以休眠细胞线粒体DNA为模板扩增出19条特有片段,以营养细胞线粒体DNA为模板扩增出25条特有片段,两者有29%的差异.这些结果表明,包囊游仆虫休眠细胞与营养细胞的大核DNA结构存着一定的差异;两者的线粒体DNA结构也存在差异.因此,包囊游仆虫在休眠细胞形成过程中,大核DNA、线粒体DNA结构可能都发生了一定的变化,并且这些变化可能与休眠细胞形成过程中的形态结构和代谢活动等剧烈变化以及休眠状态下的生理生化变化密切相关.所得结果为揭示纤毛虫细胞结构的分化与细胞遗传物质的作用关系提供了基础资料.     

一种快速简单高效提取植物DNA的方法

在综合分析多种提取植物DNA方法的基础上,改良发展了一种快速简便高效的DNA抽提方法.以多种植物的子叶、叶片以及愈伤组织为材料,采用本方法进行抽提纯化,得到的DNA质量好、得率高,且提取过程简单,适合于大批量快速提取植物DNA.     

肥胖以及有氧耐力运动对大鼠血清抗氧化酶和一氧化氮的影响

研究了肥胖以及耐力性运动对大鼠血清抗氧化酶和一氧化氮水平的影响,结果表明,高脂饮食组实验大鼠血清中SOD和CAT浓度显著性下降,MDA明显增加,NO活性下降;高脂饮食结合有氧耐力运动组大鼠血清中SOD和CAT活性以及MDA明显上升,血清中NO水平恢复明显.肥胖大鼠体重增长被明显抑制.结合生化试验结果,确定高脂饮食诱发肥胖后可造成实验动物血清中抗氧化酶活性下降,自由基生成增加,血管舒张功能下降,系统的有氧耐力运动可以有效的逆转高脂饮食造成的自由基增加,NO恢复至正常水平.     

Sugar-mimicking glycosidase inhibitors: bioactivity and application

A large number of compounds mimicking the structures of monosaccharides or oligosaccharides have been discovered from natural sources. Such sugar mimics inhibit carbohydrate-degrading enzymes because of a structural resemblance to the sugar moiety of the natural substrate. Carbohydrate-degrading enzymes are involved in a wide range of important biological processes, such as intestinal digestion, posttranslational processing of the sugar chain of glycoproteins, their quality control mechanisms, lysosomal catabolism of glycoconjugates, and some viral infections. It has now been realized that inhibitors of the enzymes have enormous therapeutic potential in diabetes and lysosomal storage disorders. In this review, the general bioactivity, current applications, and the prospects for new therapeutic applications are described. Received 27 August 2008; received after revision 08 November 2008; accepted 03 December 2008     

Histone methylation and ubiquitination with their cross-talk and roles in gene expression and stability

Methylation of lysine residues of histones is associated with functionally distinct regions of chromatin, and, therefore, is an important epigenetic mark. Over the past few years, several enzymes that catalyze this covalent modification on different lysine residues of histones have been discovered. Intriguingly, histone lysine methylation has also been shown to be cross-regulated by histone ubiquitination or the enzymes that catalyze this modification. These covalent modifications and their cross-talks play important roles in regulation of gene expression, heterochromatin formation, genome stability, and cancer. Thus, there has been a very rapid progress within past several years towards elucidating the molecular basis of histone lysine methylation and ubiquitination, and their aberrations in human diseases. Here, we discuss these covalent modifications with their cross-regulation and roles in controlling gene expression and stability. Received 24 September 2008; received after revision 21 November 2008; accepted 28 November 2008     

DNA编码的模型分析

提出了适应DNA计算的DNA编码问题.对等码长的DNA编码问题的数学模型进行分析.以优化码长作为目标,分析了约束条件.以杂交反应为核心将约束条件分为基本约束和控制生化实验的约束,而控制生化实验的约束包含组合约束和热力学约束.控制移动不匹配的下值才能控制杂交反应,由此改进了移动距离.引入窗口距离解决了错配总量和分布的控制问题.     

DNA methylation of fly genes and transposons

The use of anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies in affinity columns allowed the identification of methylated sequences in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster adults. In view of the presence of transposable elements amongst the identified sequences, it has been suggested that DNA methylation is involved in transposon control in the fly genome. On the contrary, a reanalysis of these data furnishes several intriguing elements that could raise new questions about the role that DNA methylation plays in the fly genome. The aim of the present paper is to discuss some features that emerge from the analysis of the identified methylated sequences. Received 26 January 2006; received after revision 8 May 2006; accepted 2 June 2006     

从线粒体DNA控制区基因探讨红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡的分类关系

用聚合链式反应(PCR)和直接测序的方法测定红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和白腹锦鸡(C.amherstiae)各5个样本线粒体DNA控制区的468 bp的序列,共发现26个变异位点.红腹锦鸡的序列变异率为0.90%,白腹锦鸡的序列变异率是0.17%,两者差异极显著.红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡的3种碱基(A,T,C)含量差异显著.根据Kumar双参数法计算两种锦鸡的遗传距离为0.035±0.008,按线粒体DNA控制区的进化速率2%/Myr计算,它们的分歧进化的时间大约是(1.75±0.40)Myr,结果支持它们是两个独立的种.红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡可能分别起源于秦岭以南地区和横断山脉.