Nine new species of the subgenus Stegana (Oxyphortica) from the Oriental region,with morphological and molecular evidence based on Chinese species (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Nine new species of the subgenus Stegana (Oxyphortica) have been discovered from the Oriental Region: S. (O.) chuanjiangi Zhang and Chen, sp. nov., S (O.) dainuo Wang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) dawa Zhang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) laohlie Zhang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) luchun Wang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) mengwan Wang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) triodonta Cheng and Chen, sp. nov. from southern China; S. (O.) dehiscens Cheng and Chen, sp. nov. and S. (O.) spinosa Cheng and Chen, sp. nov. from eastern Malaysia. One newly recorded species from China: S. (O.) maichouensis Sidorenko is re-described. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene with BOLD Process ID and GenBank accession numbers are provided for the above seven new species and five known species from China: S. (O.) acutipenis Xu, Gao and Chen, S. (O.) adentata Toda and Peng, S. (O.) hirtipenis Xu, Gao and Chen, S. (O.) latipenis Xu, Gao and Chen, and S. (O.) maichouensis Sidorenko. Intra- and interspecific pairwise K-2P distances among these species are summarized and the phylogenetic relationships are reconstructed based on the neighbour-joining (NJ) analyses.

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2FA403F6-5535-40A4-9FD0-ADB9913EDE83.     

The morphological and molecular analyses of a new South American urban tardigrade offer new insights on the biological meaning of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae)

Worldwide knowledge of tardigrade fauna is still limited, and many areas such as South America are not well studied. The collection of new substrates in Argentinean urban areas provided an opportunity to describe the new tardigrade species Macrobiotus kristenseni sp. nov. This species has been studied with an integrative taxonomic approach, analysing its morphology by light and scanning electron microscopy, and considering two genes (cox1 and 18S rRNA) for DNA barcoding and phylogenetic purposes. The species belongs to the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species, and it is characterized by egg processes in the shape of elongated cones with truncated and enlarged apexes, and by a high genetic distance with respect to closely related species (cox1: 18.2–33.4%). Morphological and molecular data show that the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species has to be considered a true biological entity; one of the more widespread tardigrade lineages in continental environments. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CA51ABA-5570-4AFB-8182-CE499D97B0F1     

重症急性胰腺炎病人外周血单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数的意义

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎患者外周血单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数与患者病情严重程度、预后的相关性。方法分离研究对象（重症急性胰腺炎患者34名,健康对照组17名）外周血单个核细胞,采用荧光实时定量PCR检测各组PBMC线粒体DNA相对舍量,其与严重程度、预后的相关性。结果重症急性胰腺炎患者线粒体DNA含量较健康对照组明显降低（P〈0．05）。患者单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝教与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关（r=-0．425）其中并发症组mtDNA拷贝数显著低于无并发症组（P〈0．05）。结论重症急性胰腺炎患者外周血单个核细胞中线粒体DNA含量显著下降,与患者APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关,且低水平的线粒体DNA拷贝数提示并发症发生率的升高,因此,线粒体DNA拷贝数可作为潜在评估患者病情危重程度及预后的指标,这一发现值得进一步大型,前瞻性的研究。     

Genus Baseodiscus (Nemertea: Heteronemertea): Molecular identification of a new species in a phylogenetic context

A new heteronemertean, Baseodiscus jonasii sp. nov., is described from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It resembles B. delineatus in inner morphology but can be distinguished from this species by its different colour pattern and differences in the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The monophyletic status of the genus is investigated by reconstructing the phylogeny of six specimens from four species assigned to this genus, together with 22 specimens from nine other heteronemertean genera, using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. The results imply that Baseodiscus is a monophyletic group while several other heteronemertean genera are non‐monophyletic.     

地图着色问题的粘贴DNA算法

提出多级分离的概念,给出一个多级分离装置的模型,并介绍粘贴模型中的多级分离操作、将地图着色问题转化为可满足性问题、基于粘贴模型的巨大并行性及多级分离的优势,提出解决该问题的粘贴DNA算法。通过一个实例给出实验操作步骤,并对生化反应过程进行模拟,得出具体的着色方案,从而证明了该多级分离装置的有效性以及该算法的可行性。     

结核分支杆菌Ag85B DNA疫苗构建、免疫原性及其保护效力

构建结核分支杆菌分泌蛋白Ag85B编码基因的DNA疫苗,研究其免疫原性和保护效力.构建该DNA疫苗并经鉴定后,应用Qiagen试剂盒大量纯化无内毒素的质粒DNA.将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,分别3周间隔3次用生理盐水（A）、载体质粒（B）、卡介苗（C）、Ag85B DNA疫苗（D）免疫小鼠,通过ELISA方法检测血清中抗Ag85B抗体及其亚型.第三次免疫后28 d用结核分支杆菌H37Rv攻击,观察小鼠体重变化,攻击4周后检测细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-12,进行肺组织病理检查及菌落计数等.经Ag85B DNA疫苗免疫的小鼠特异性抗体IgG均显著高于对照组,而且IgG2b均高于IgG1和IgG2a.结核分支杆菌攻击后各组小鼠体重变化呈现不同趋势,A、B组小鼠体重从第3周开始下降;C组体重总体呈上升趋势;D组体重第2周开始下降,之后维持不变.MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖实验中D组的刺激指数显著高于其它组;D组小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化率也显著高于A、B组.肺组织菌落计数C组最低,其次是D组.大体病理结果显示C组和D组肺组织病变较A、B组轻.A、B组肺泡腔内有较多渗出液,肺泡壁充血、水肿.C组肉芽肿数目最多.上述结果表明Ag85B DNA疫苗具有较强的免疫原性,呈TH1型细胞介导的免疫应答.Ag85B DNA疫苗的免疫保护效力不如BCG,有待进一步研究其应用价值.     

荧光光谱法研究利福平与DNA的相互作用

在pH7．4的Tris—HCl介质中,以盐酸小檗碱为荧光探针,研究了利福平与鲑鱼精DNA之间的相互作用．采用荧光光谱、吸收光谱、热变性等手段对作用机理进行了研究,结果表明主要作用方式为嵌入方式．求得结合常数为1．08×10^4L·mol^-1,结合位点数为4．53．     

日本沼虾基因片段PCR扩增的条件优化

以日本沼虾肌肉组织为材料,提取其基因组DNA,研究了该虾16S rRNA基因片段扩增的PCR反应条件.经对扩增反应体系中各因子和扩增程序的梯度实验,确定优化反应条件为: 在25μL反应体系中,10×Buffer 2.5 μL,DNA模板200～300 ng,4×dNTP 0.2 mmol/L,Mg²⁺1.5 mmol/L,引物0.4μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶1 U,95 ℃预变性5 min;接着35个循环包括95 ℃变性1 min,56 ℃复性50 s,72 ℃延伸1 min;最后72 ℃延伸10 min.应用此优化体系扩增日本沼虾18S rRNA,细胞色素氧化酶亚基I (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI),NADH脱氢酶亚基V (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5, ND5)等基因片段均获得了稳定而理想的效果.研究结果为深入探讨日本沼虾种群的遗传和变异,以及开展其种质鉴定和分子标记等研究提供了参考.     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠肌肉组织DNA甲基化水平及抗氧化能力的影响

目的:探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠肌肉组织DNA甲基化水平和抗氧化能力的影响.方法:选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30d,检测肌肉组织DNA甲基化水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果:与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后肌肉DNA甲基化水平和MDA含量降低,SOD和GSH-PX活性升高.结论:OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能影响肌肉组织DNA甲基化水平和抗氧化能力,阻止铅对肌肉的毒性.     

生物大分子在水生态毒理学研究中的应用

生物大分子是近年来在水生态毒理学研究中的主要对象．与其它研究手段相比，生物大分子的研究具有特异性、预警性和广泛实用性等特点．章主要介绍了指示环境污染物的几类主要生物标志物，同时还讨论了生物大分子研究的特点，展望了该领域的应用前景．