The role of repair in radiobiology

Summary Apart from cancer and mutation induction, radiobiological effects on mammals are mostly attributable to cell death, defined as loss of proliferative capacity. Survival curves relate retention of that capacity to radiation dose, and often manifest a quasi-threshold (shoulder). The shoulder is attributable to an initial mechanism of repair (Q-repair) which is gradually depleted as dose increases. Another form of repair, which is not depleted (P-repair), increases the dose required to deliver an average of one lethal event per cell (dose D₀). Neither form of repair can unambiguously be linked with repair of defects in isolated DNA. An important initial lesion may well be disruption of the complex structural relationship between the DNA, nuclear membrane and associated proteins. One form of P-repair may be restoration of that structural relationship.     

Maternal vitamin A restriction alters biochemical development of the brain in rats

Summary The biochemical development of the fetal brain in relation to maternal vitamin A restriction was studied in rats. The vitamin A status of pregnant rats was varied by supplying low, medium and adequate amounts (6, 40, and 100 g retinol/day/kg body weight, respectively) of vitamin A during pregnancy and suckling. The maternal vitamin A restriction caused an altered brain development in terms of tissue weight, DNA, RNA and protein levels, and biosynthesis of DNA and protein from [³H]-thymidine and [³H]-leucine, respectively. A dose-dependent effect of maternal vitamin A restriction on the metabolism of DNA, RNA and protein was noticed in the developing fetal brain of rats.     

改进的细菌转化试验方法

本文对“细菌转化实验方法”进行了改进。用改良碱酶法制备的质粒DNA(PBR322)作供体,转化经氯化钙处理的受体菌E.Coli C600,使后者获得抗氨苄青霉素和抗四环素的特性。改进后的转化方法操作简便,不受设备限制。     

小麦耐盐细胞系脯氨酸SOD酶核酸和蛋白质合成动态分析

对已筛选出的小麦耐盐细胞系的耐盐稳定性进行有关生理、生化分析。结果表明：耐盐细胞系脯氨酸含量不仅稳定,而且高于对照;ＳＯＤ活性在耐盐系增加,耐盐系对一定的盐浓度损伤ＤＮＡ修复能力大于对照系,耐盐系ＲＮＡ和蛋白质合成量分别是对照的５．４和４．５倍,并对小麦耐盐性的有关问题进行了讨论。     

大熊猫父权确定的DNA证据

本文对成都大熊猫繁育研究基地,成都动物园,福州大熊猫研究中心及昆明动物园圈养繁殖的大熊猫１４胎次,１９只幼子,２５只次参配雄兽个体的被毛,血液,精液,肝,甲醛固定组织细胞,以及粪,尿等样品,采用同位素与荧光素标记基因探针作ＤＮＡ指纹图谱分析,得到了玫些有意义的结论。     

Mitochondrial DNA evidence for the 19th century introduction of African honey bees into the United States

Since the introduction of an African subspecies into Brazil in the mid-1950's¹, descendent Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) have spread throughout the Neotropics and into temperate North America. Restriction enzyme analysis of 422 feral honey bee colonies collected from non-Africanized areas in the southern United States revealed that over 21% of them had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from a European race established in North America by the 17th century, 77% of them had mtDNA common in honey bees maintained by beekeepers and about 1% exhibited African mtDNA. Further analysis revealed that the African mtDNA was derived from a north African subspecies imported to the US in the 19th century.     

DNA与中性红相互作用电化学和光谱研究

利用电化学和光谱方法研究中性红和DNA的相互作用,根据其循环伏安曲线和紫外-可见光谱,在pH=7.05缓冲体系中中性红与DNA发生了嵌插作用.     

DNA与小分子相互作用的研究进展

概述了能与DNA发生相互作用的小分子的种类和不同小分子与DNA相互作用的方式、机理,并对DNA与小分子相互作用研究的常用方法,以及这些方法的特点进行了评述。最后对其发展前景,尤其是对药物分子与DNA相互作用的未来发展方向进行了展望与预测。     

渗调修复黄瓜陈种子基因组DNA损伤的RAPD研究

用Vc，CaCl2，PEG及其组合对自然老化的黄瓜种子进行渗调处理，利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对处理前后的种子基因组DNA多态性进行比较分析．结果表明：渗调作用可以修复黄瓜陈种子的DNA损伤．修复效果与种子贮藏时间有关，贮藏半年的种子渗调处理前后RAPD产物差异不明显，贮藏1～2a的陈种子修复的效果好，表现为分子量高的DNA重新合成，RAPD扩增条带增多，亮度增加；贮藏3a的陈种子修复效果不理想。     

中华哲水蚤线粒体DNA COI基因序列分析

采用苯酚-氯仿-异戊醇(25：24：1)提取、异丙醇沉淀、酒精洗涤、TE缓冲液保存方法提取了采自胶州湾青岛海域的中华哲水蚤基因组DNA；以相应引物经PCR扩增得到线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ亚基基因(mtCOD)片段；PCR产物采用化学法进行质粒重组(载体pGEM—T Easy Vector)、热休克转化重组质粒至大肠杆菌感受态细胞(JM109)、氨苄LB培养基扩大培养；测序．结果表明。中华哲水蚤线粒体COI碱基大小为710bp(国际基因库索引号AY665663)。其碱基组成A、C、G、T含量分别为24．23％、19．15％、22．54％和34．08％；G C含量为41．69％。A T为58．31％．