植物抗盐性及其遗传工程

从盐胁迫对植物遗传物质的影响、植物抗盐遗传和育种、与抗盐有关的基因的分离鉴定以及外源ＤＮＡ花粉管通道技术转化植物和抗盐性研究四个方面探讨了植物遗传工程与抗盐性研究的关系,为研究抗盐机理和选育抗盐植物提供理论基础     

基于ITS序列的竹亚科植物分子鉴定研究

利用ITS序列对竹亚科13个属76个竹种进行DNA条形码分子鉴定.该研究提取慈竹属、刚竹属、箬竹属、唐竹属、矢竹属、大明竹属、赤竹属、巴山木竹属、倭竹属、短穗竹属、簕竹属、酸竹属及少穗竹属共13个属62个竹种DNA,对其内转录间隔区ITS序列进行PCR扩增和双向测序,所得序列与GenBank数据库下载的14条ITS序列共76个竹种序列用Clustal X软件比对,再利用MEGA6.06软件构建K2P距离法的NJ系统发育树.结果显示,种内遗传距离为0~3.907,平均遗传距离为0.370;种间遗传距离为0~4.394,平均遗传距离为2.287,种内遗传距离远小于种间遗传距离.ITS序列可用于竹类资源的物种鉴定研究.     

Effect of pulsing electromagnetic fields on DNA synthesis in mammalian cells in culture

Summary DNA synthesis in Chinese hamster V79 cells was significantly enhanced when they were exposed to weak, pulsing electromagnetic fields generated by specific combinations of the pulse width (25s), frequency (10, 100 Hz) and magnetic intensity (2×10^–5 8×10^–5T). Conversely the DNA synthesis of cells in the fields at 4×10^–4 T was repressed to 80% of that in controls not exposed to the fields.This work was supported by Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, and in part by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan and from the Foundation for Life Science Promotion Tokyo, Japan to I.K.     

Biochemical aspects of radiation biology

Summary In order to analyze the mechanisms of biological radiation effects, the events after radiation energy absorption in irradiated organisms have to be studied by physico-chemical and biochemical methods. The radiation effects in vitro on biomolecules, especially DNA, are described, as well as their alterations in irradiated cells. Whereas in vitro, in aqueous solution, predominantly OH radicals are effective and lead to damage in single moieties of the DNA, in vivo the direct absorption of radiation energy leads to locally multiply-damaged sites, which produce DNA double-strand breaks and locally denatured regions. DNA damage will be repaired in irradiated cells. Error free repair leads to the original nucleotide sequence in the genome by excision or by recombination. Error prone repair (mutagenic repair), leads to mutation. However, the biochemistry of these processes, regulated by a number of genes, is poorly understood. In addition, more complex reactions, such as gene amplification and transposition of mobile gene elements, are responsible for mutation or malignant transformation.     

麻疯树适生区域土壤DNA提取及多重PCR验证

比较了4种土壤总DNA提取方法应用于四川西昌去南元谋和海南海口三地麻疯树适生区土壤样品的DNA提取效果,发现改进后的方法1和方法4提取效果显著好于方法2和方法3.不仅如此,采用多重PCR扩增方法证明方法1和方法4扩增的真菌DNA产量所占比例增加,说明所得DNA更具有代表性.然而仅有方法4能成功提取海南及云南两地麻疯树适生地区的土壤总DNA,但提取的DNA纯度和产量过低,说明还需进一步进行优化.     

超顺磁性Fe3O4@SiO2空心亚微球的制备及其在质粒DNA分离纯化中的应用

采用溶剂热法合成超顺磁性空心亚微球,然后通过正硅酸乙酯水解-聚合反应,在亚微球表面包覆SiO₂,形成核壳结构Fe₃O₄@SiO₂空心亚微球。以该Fe₃O₄@SiO₂亚微球为分离介质,实现了大肠杆菌（E. coli）质粒DNA的高效、快速分离。     

DNA分子标记在不结球白菜遗传育种中的应用进展

概述了分子标记的分类和特点,以及在不结球白菜遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建、数量性状座位(quantitative trait locus,QTLs)定位和分子标记辅助育种等领域中的最新研究进展.总结了目前分子标记在不结球白菜遗传改良和辅助育种中存在的若干问题,并对该研究领域提出了一些展望和建议.     

Redescription of the Cephalaspidea gastropod Atys jeffreysi (Weinkauff, 1866) (Haminoeidae), with a discussion on the phylogenetic affinities of the Mediterranean species of the genus

Atys jeffreysi is a heterobranch Cephalaspidea gastropod belonging to the family Haminoeidae occurring in the Mediterranean Sea, Madeira and Canary archipelagos. Nearly nothing is known about the internal anatomical features of this species. In this paper we redescribe the species A. jeffreysi based on fine anatomical work and scanning electron microscopy. DNA barcodes are provided for the first time for A. jeffreysi and A. macandrewii, the only two species of the genus native in the Mediterranean Sea. The genetic distance (COI uncorrected p-distance) between them is estimate at 21.6%. A Bayesian molecular phylogeny based on the gene marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) including all sequences available of the genera Aliculastrum, Liloa and Atys species did not support a sister relationship between the two Mediterranean species and suggests that they are more closely related to distinct Indo-West Pacific lineages. The complex systematics of the genus Atys is briefly discussed.     

利用分子标记分析22种水稻10个抗稻瘟病基因的基因型

为了明确已克隆的部分稻瘟病抗性基因在上海市主栽水稻品种以及新培育的水稻品系中的分布,选取22份水稻为材料,利用分子标记检测技术,对10个已被克隆的抗稻瘟病基因进行基因型鉴定及分析.结果表明,22种水稻均含Pi36、Pi37、Pi-d2、Pib抗性基因,而Pi-kh、Pi9、Pi2、Pi-ta、Pikm抗性基因在22种水稻中分布各有不同,所有被测水稻中均不携带Pi25抗性基因.     

DNA分子电荷输运的大极化机制探讨

近年来研究发现,与生命体密切相关的DNA损伤与修复过程伴随着DNA链内电荷的转移.在DNA中,极化子是重要的元激发,是DNA中电荷传递可能的载流子.为了更好的理解DNA的电荷输运的极化子机制,给出了能够准确估计电声耦合常数α数值的理论方法.利用确定的电声耦合常数α,计算了极化子宽度和极化子束缚能.计算结果显示,DNA中的电荷输运是通过大极化子的相干运动来实现的.