The morphological and molecular analyses of a new South American urban tardigrade offer new insights on the biological meaning of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae)

Worldwide knowledge of tardigrade fauna is still limited, and many areas such as South America are not well studied. The collection of new substrates in Argentinean urban areas provided an opportunity to describe the new tardigrade species Macrobiotus kristenseni sp. nov. This species has been studied with an integrative taxonomic approach, analysing its morphology by light and scanning electron microscopy, and considering two genes (cox1 and 18S rRNA) for DNA barcoding and phylogenetic purposes. The species belongs to the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species, and it is characterized by egg processes in the shape of elongated cones with truncated and enlarged apexes, and by a high genetic distance with respect to closely related species (cox1: 18.2–33.4%). Morphological and molecular data show that the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species has to be considered a true biological entity; one of the more widespread tardigrade lineages in continental environments. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CA51ABA-5570-4AFB-8182-CE499D97B0F1     

Comparative genetic differentiation study of three coexisting mangrove crabs in western Atlantic

ABSTRACT

A multispecies approach may reveal the factors influencing the genetic differentiation of coexisting species along a wide geographic area. Our aim was to compare the genetic differentiation of mangrove crabs coexisting along the western Atlantic in order to verify if there are common barriers, using two mitochondrial DNA markers to quantify genetic differentiation, variance and diversity. In addition, we included a mismatch distribution to check demographic history. Our data revealed that species with similar pelagic larval duration had either high genetic differentiation or the absence of genetic structure. These results can be explained by factors that contribute to genetic differentiation, such as the presence of large estuarine areas (acting as barriers), ocean currents, and larval behaviour. Also, historical events that promoted the isolation of some areas in the past, such as glacial cycles during the Pleistocene, could have caused the observed high levels of genetic divergence in some species.     

寡聚酰胺类DNA识别分子研究进展

从有机化学的角度综述了近年来寡聚酰胺类DNA识别分子的设计、合成、识别及应用等方面的研究进展情况．     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding interleukin‐6 of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

In the present study, the cloning and sequence analysis of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were described. Sequencing revealed that IL‐6 complementary DNA contains a 636 base‐pair open reading frame encoding 211 amino acids. Homology analyses indicated that the identity levels of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of IL‐6 between the giant panda and other species in Carnivora ranged from 90.5% to 85.6% and from 82.9% to 76.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that the harbour seal shared a closer relationship with the giant panda than other carnivores (ursids not included). The functionally important domains and sites that have previously been recognized in other carnivores were all observed in the IL‐6 sequence of the giant panda. These findings suggest that the complementary DNA fragment cloned is indeed the IL‐6 molecule with biological activity and can be used in immunological studies of the giant panda.     

井巷掘进爆破块度的控制

本文利用小型试验方法,以Kuz—Ram模型为指导对掘进爆破块度进行了研究,并建立了块度模型.提出了控制爆破块度的方法,利用该法可对大断面爆破工作进行指导,实践证明这种方法是可行的.     

黑腹果蝇NDA修复功能缺陷型细胞系的建立及其培养特性

通过低温(18℃)培养方法,成功地建立了黑腹果蝇DNA修复功能缺陷型细胞系。该细胞系的特点是只能进行开放培养而不能进行封闭培养,为研究真核生物细胞DNA修复机理提供了一个有用的实验材料。     

四种过渡金属对DNA稳定性影响的研究

本文用紫外光谱法研究了 Fe~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)四种过渡金属对 DNA 稳定性影响及与 DNA配位方式,结果表明 Fe~(3+)、Co~(3+)有稳定 DNA 的作用,Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)使 DNA 稳定性降低.     

3.7GeV/N~(16)O碎裂中的条件矩关联

本文给出了3.7GeV/N~(16)O 在核乳胶中碎裂的条件矩关联,对电磁离解事例和核反应事例,均观测到弹核碎片电荷分布的条件矩间呈对数关联.这一实验结果与200GeV/N~(16)O 和~(12)S 在核乳胶中碎裂的情形类似.     

大豆自花授粉后外源DNA导入技术的验证

以花生DNA为供体,大豆为受体,在大豆自花授粉后,采用液滴法和注射法导入花生DNA,在受体大豆植株后代中获得了多种变异类型。为探讨外源DNA 导入技术的可靠性,将具有卡那霉素抗性基因的质粒pCaMVneo 用同法导入大豆。所收获的种子发芽后培养于一定浓度的卡那霉素溶液中,其中部分植株对卡那霉素表现抗性,可继续生长发育。分株提取这些植株的DNA,以质粒DNA 为探针,进行斑点杂交.供试的14个植株中出现了13个阳性斑。实验结果证明质粒DNA 已整合到大豆基因组中并获表达,从而间接地证实了授粉后通过花粉管通道导入外源DNA 的技术是可靠的。     

DNA中的化学键

作为重要的遗传物质,DNA为双螺旋结构,组成双螺旋的两条链由嘌呤和嘧啶通过氢键配对联系.讨论了氢键在遗传过程中的重要性,提出了电子在空间中的分布决定了遗传物质一切活动的假设,在此基础上,对一些具体问题进行了解释.