古菌研究及其展望

古菌是目前生物地球化学研究的热点之一,不仅能在高温、强酸/碱性条件、高盐度、缺氧等极端条件下存在,而且能在普通海洋环境中存活.其含量巨大,在全球的生物地球化学作用中正扮演重要角色.该领域研究对阐明生命运动的基本规律,揭示生命起源和物种进化,生物圈与地圈环境的相互作用具有重要意义,并可为外太空生命问题的探讨和推测提供依据.本文评述了近30年来古菌基本研究成果和研究现状,展望有待解决的前沿研究内容及解决思路,旨在建立一个较为清晰的古菌基本概念及研究思路,以利于地质学、生物学界了解这一交叉领域.     

应用分子梳技术对DNA单分子的研究

分子梳技术是一种有效的拉伸DNA分子的手段,它利用流体流动过程中施加的力将DNA分子拉伸开并且平铺在固体表面上．在每个玻片上可以同时对很多DNA分子拉伸并且整齐地排列,使之便于统计分析数据．利用分子梳技术可以在单分子水平上研究DNA复制、转录过程以及DNA-蛋白质相互作用．文中主要介绍分子梳技术原理、实现方法及其重要应用．     

几种酰代吡唑啉酮金属配合物的合成、抑菌活性及与DNA的相互作用

以4-呋喃甲酰基PMP和4-吡啶甲酰基PMP希夫碱衍生物为母体,分别合成了七种含铜、镧和钆的金属配合物,通过红外、紫外吸收光谱、元素分析等对配体及配合物的结构进行了表征.分别研究了它们对六种指示菌的抑制作用并通过紫外吸收光谱对配合物与DNA的相互作用进行了研究.结果发现上述配合物对DNA的双螺旋结构产生了影响,并且对受试菌均有一定的抑制作用.     

拟穴青蟹细胞核DNA含量的测定

以拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)的血淋巴细胞为材料,刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)的血淋巴细胞为参照系,利用倍性分析仪结合外标定法测定其细胞核DNA含量.拟穴青蟹的血淋巴的细胞核DNA含量是2.677 pg/2c.此外,本文作者还发现拟穴青蟹血淋巴与肌肉组织细胞核DNA含量存在差异.报道了我国拟穴青蟹细胞核DNA含量,并且提供了拟穴青蟹的细胞遗传学特征,为蟹类系统重建与演化过程分析提供新资料.     

Multi-objective carrier chaotic evolutionary algorithm for DNA sequences design

DNA computing is a new vista of computation, which is of biochemical type. Since each piece of information is encoded in biological sequences, their design is crucial for successful DNA computation. DNA sequence design is involved with a number of design criteria, which is difficult to be solved by the traditional optimization methods. In this paper, the multi-objective carrier chaotic evolution algorithm (MCCEA) is introduced to solve the DNA sequence design problem. By merging the chaotic search base on power function carrier, a set of good DNA sequences are generated. Furthermore, the simulation results show the efficiency of our method.     

A novel salicylaldehyde dehydrosenase-NahV involved in catabolism of naphthalene from Pseudomonas putida ND6

A novel salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase involved in catabolism of naphthalene from Pseudomonas putida ND6, NahV, has been identified. NahV exhibited lower identity in amino acid sequence with the classic salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase, NahF, from P. putida ND6. This is the first report of an isofunctional enzyme of bacterial salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase. Comparison of Km and Vmax values of NahV and NahF demonstrated that NahF has a more efficient catalytic reaction than NahV, while NahV has much higher affinity for salicylaldehyde and NAD^＋. Both enzymes exhibited broad substrate specificities and catalyzed the oxidation of salicylaldehyde, 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde, formaldehyde, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-methoxybenxaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, caprylic aldehyde, and glyoxal. However, the relative rates at which the substituted analogs are transformed differ considerably. NahV activity could be enhanced by Fe^2＋, Cu^2＋ and Zn^2＋; whereas NahF activity could only be stimulated by Fe^2＋, NahF is more stable than NahV at elevated temperatures. Dot-blot hybridization analyses showed that nahF-like genes occurred in all naphthalene-degradation bacteria isolated in this study, whereas nahV-like genes were present in only some naphthalene-degrading bacteria.     

N-咔唑二硫代甲酸异丙苯酯的合成及应用

以咔唑和α-甲基苯乙烯为原料,合成了以咔唑为Z基团的可逆加成-断裂链转移试剂——N-咔唑二硫代甲酸异丙苯酯(CCBD),该化合物合成简便,可以经重结晶提纯.以CCBD为可逆加成-断裂链转移试剂对苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸乙酯单体进行了RAFT聚合,该聚合具有活性聚合特征,聚合物相对分子质量随转化率升高而增大,并得到相对分子质量分布窄的聚合产物,研究表明CCBD具有很好的RAFT聚合控制能力.     

中国榛属植物DNA提取与SSR初步分析

为了探讨适合中国榛属植物基因组DNA的提取方法,分析榛属植物的遗传多样性,本实验以榛属植物的叶片为试材,通过对Doyle和Doyle方法的改良,摸索出适于中国榛属植物基因组DNA提取的方法,并以核酸产量、纯度、片断分布情况等指标来评价,获得高质量基因组DNA;同时应用4对欧榛SSR引物对中国榛属植物进行了跨种转移,并对具有商业潜力的平榛、毛榛和川榛3个种的遗传多样性进行了初步评价,4对引物从3个种的29个样本中扩增出33个等位基因,位点拥有的等位基因数量在6~12个之间,位点平均等位基因数为8.38.上述结果表明SSR是用于榛属种间育种、品种鉴定以及种间遗传图构建的有力工具.     

Geographical variation in the golden‐striped salamander,Chioglossa lusitanica Bocage, 1864 and the description of a newly recognized subspecies

Morphological and genetic data for the Iberian golden‐striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica, demonstrate the existence of two groups with southern and northern ranges, connected by a zone of intergradation in central Portugal. Because reproductive isolation between them is incomplete we consider the groups to be subspecies. The type locality of C. lusitanica (Buçaco near Lousã) is situated inside the mixed zone. This necessitates identification of the nominotypical subspecies. We sequenced a fragment of mitochondrial DNA from one of the species' syntypes and we determined what position over a latitudinal transect maximizes the morphological discrimination between the groups. Both approaches indicate that C. lusitanica from Buçaco represents the southern subspecies. A new subspecies of C. lusitanica is described from a northern locality (Valongo near Porto in north‐western Portugal). A lectotype is designated for Chioglossa lusitanica.     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding interleukin‐6 of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

In the present study, the cloning and sequence analysis of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) were described. Sequencing revealed that IL‐6 complementary DNA contains a 636 base‐pair open reading frame encoding 211 amino acids. Homology analyses indicated that the identity levels of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of IL‐6 between the giant panda and other species in Carnivora ranged from 90.5% to 85.6% and from 82.9% to 76.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that the harbour seal shared a closer relationship with the giant panda than other carnivores (ursids not included). The functionally important domains and sites that have previously been recognized in other carnivores were all observed in the IL‐6 sequence of the giant panda. These findings suggest that the complementary DNA fragment cloned is indeed the IL‐6 molecule with biological activity and can be used in immunological studies of the giant panda.