地图着色问题的粘贴DNA算法

提出多级分离的概念,给出一个多级分离装置的模型,并介绍粘贴模型中的多级分离操作、将地图着色问题转化为可满足性问题、基于粘贴模型的巨大并行性及多级分离的优势,提出解决该问题的粘贴DNA算法。通过一个实例给出实验操作步骤,并对生化反应过程进行模拟,得出具体的着色方案,从而证明了该多级分离装置的有效性以及该算法的可行性。     

包囊游仆虫休眠细胞中大核和线粒体DNA的多态性

为了探索纤毛虫休眠细胞中两套遗传系统的作用特征,对包囊游仆虫（Euplotes encysticus）休眠细胞与营养细胞大核DNA和线粒体DNA进行了RAPD比较.结果显示,在所选用的35条随机引物中,包囊游仆虫大核DNA共扩增出220条片段,其中以休眠细胞大核DNA为模板扩增出18条特有片段,以营养细胞大核DNA为模板扩增出44条特有片段,两者存在28%的差异.在所选用的32条随机引物中,线粒体DNA共扩增出154条片段,其中以休眠细胞线粒体DNA为模板扩增出19条特有片段,以营养细胞线粒体DNA为模板扩增出25条特有片段,两者有29%的差异.这些结果表明,包囊游仆虫休眠细胞与营养细胞的大核DNA结构存着一定的差异;两者的线粒体DNA结构也存在差异.因此,包囊游仆虫在休眠细胞形成过程中,大核DNA、线粒体DNA结构可能都发生了一定的变化,并且这些变化可能与休眠细胞形成过程中的形态结构和代谢活动等剧烈变化以及休眠状态下的生理生化变化密切相关.所得结果为揭示纤毛虫细胞结构的分化与细胞遗传物质的作用关系提供了基础资料.     

Improving the thermal stability of lactate oxidase by directed evolution

Lactate oxidase is used in biosensors to measure the concentration of lactate in the blood and other body fluids. Increasing the thermostability of lactate oxidase can significantly prolong the lifetime of these biosensors. We have previously obtained a variant of lactate oxidase from Aerococcus viridans with two mutations (E160G/V198I) that is significantly more thermostable than the wild-type enzyme. Here we have attempted to further improve the thermostability of E160G/V198I lactate oxidase using directed evolution. We made a mutant lactate oxidase gene library by applying error-prone PCR and DNA shuffling, and screened for thermostable mutant lactate oxidase using a plate-based assay. After three rounds of screening we obtained a thermostable mutant lactate oxidase, which has six mutations (E160G/V198I/G36S/T103S/A232S/F277Y). The half-life of this lactate oxidase at 70 °C was about 2 times that of E160G/V198I and about 36 times that of the wild-type enzyme. The amino acid mutation process suggests that the combined neutral mutations are important in protein evolution. Received 15 September 2006; received after revision 21 October 2006; accepted 2 November 2006     

苦丁茶主物质提取及其HPLC指纹图谱分析

通过对苦丁茶成分的提取方式和条件初步优化,选取最优的色谱分离条件,运用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC),针对4个不同产地的10个批次苦丁茶建立指纹图谱.从图谱中所含主成分的种类和化学成分的提取率选择超声提取的方式,确定75％的乙醇为提取溶剂和30 min的超声时间.在对HPLC条件的优化过程中,根据最终实验结果的优越性选择...     

抗癌药物8-氮鸟嘌呤与DNA相互作用的电化学研究

研究了抗癌药物8-氮鸟嘌呤(8-AG)与DNA在pH=3.6条件下相互作用的电化学行为.DNA的存在能导致8-AG氧化峰电流降低,通过测定DNA加入前后的一些电化学参数,推测8-AG与DNA在该条件下通过静电作用结合生成了一种1∶2非电活性的超分子化合物,其结合常数是1.38×1010.同时,根据加入DNA前后8-AG峰电流的降低,测定了模拟样品中的DNA,效果令人满意.     

重症急性胰腺炎病人外周血单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数的意义

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎患者外周血单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数与患者病情严重程度、预后的相关性。方法分离研究对象（重症急性胰腺炎患者34名,健康对照组17名）外周血单个核细胞,采用荧光实时定量PCR检测各组PBMC线粒体DNA相对舍量,其与严重程度、预后的相关性。结果重症急性胰腺炎患者线粒体DNA含量较健康对照组明显降低（P〈0．05）。患者单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝教与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关（r=-0．425）其中并发症组mtDNA拷贝数显著低于无并发症组（P〈0．05）。结论重症急性胰腺炎患者外周血单个核细胞中线粒体DNA含量显著下降,与患者APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关,且低水平的线粒体DNA拷贝数提示并发症发生率的升高,因此,线粒体DNA拷贝数可作为潜在评估患者病情危重程度及预后的指标,这一发现值得进一步大型,前瞻性的研究。     

Genus Baseodiscus (Nemertea: Heteronemertea): Molecular identification of a new species in a phylogenetic context

A new heteronemertean, Baseodiscus jonasii sp. nov., is described from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It resembles B. delineatus in inner morphology but can be distinguished from this species by its different colour pattern and differences in the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The monophyletic status of the genus is investigated by reconstructing the phylogeny of six specimens from four species assigned to this genus, together with 22 specimens from nine other heteronemertean genera, using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. The results imply that Baseodiscus is a monophyletic group while several other heteronemertean genera are non‐monophyletic.     

The morphological and molecular analyses of a new South American urban tardigrade offer new insights on the biological meaning of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae)

Worldwide knowledge of tardigrade fauna is still limited, and many areas such as South America are not well studied. The collection of new substrates in Argentinean urban areas provided an opportunity to describe the new tardigrade species Macrobiotus kristenseni sp. nov. This species has been studied with an integrative taxonomic approach, analysing its morphology by light and scanning electron microscopy, and considering two genes (cox1 and 18S rRNA) for DNA barcoding and phylogenetic purposes. The species belongs to the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species, and it is characterized by egg processes in the shape of elongated cones with truncated and enlarged apexes, and by a high genetic distance with respect to closely related species (cox1: 18.2–33.4%). Morphological and molecular data show that the Macrobiotus hufelandi group of species has to be considered a true biological entity; one of the more widespread tardigrade lineages in continental environments. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2CA51ABA-5570-4AFB-8182-CE499D97B0F1     

Nine new species of the subgenus Stegana (Oxyphortica) from the Oriental region,with morphological and molecular evidence based on Chinese species (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Nine new species of the subgenus Stegana (Oxyphortica) have been discovered from the Oriental Region: S. (O.) chuanjiangi Zhang and Chen, sp. nov., S (O.) dainuo Wang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) dawa Zhang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) laohlie Zhang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) luchun Wang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) mengwan Wang and Chen, sp. nov., S. (O.) triodonta Cheng and Chen, sp. nov. from southern China; S. (O.) dehiscens Cheng and Chen, sp. nov. and S. (O.) spinosa Cheng and Chen, sp. nov. from eastern Malaysia. One newly recorded species from China: S. (O.) maichouensis Sidorenko is re-described. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene with BOLD Process ID and GenBank accession numbers are provided for the above seven new species and five known species from China: S. (O.) acutipenis Xu, Gao and Chen, S. (O.) adentata Toda and Peng, S. (O.) hirtipenis Xu, Gao and Chen, S. (O.) latipenis Xu, Gao and Chen, and S. (O.) maichouensis Sidorenko. Intra- and interspecific pairwise K-2P distances among these species are summarized and the phylogenetic relationships are reconstructed based on the neighbour-joining (NJ) analyses.

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2FA403F6-5535-40A4-9FD0-ADB9913EDE83.