乙醇酸氧化酶研究进展

概述乙醇酸氧化酶研究存在的问题和进展，指出乙醇酸氧化酶被认为只含单种亚基，但该观点难于解释不同植物乙醇酸氧化酶为何等电点（pI）相差较大。首次介绍乙醇酸氧化酶 是种至少有GOI(pI≈7.4)、GOⅡ(pI≈9.4)和GOⅢ(pI≈8.3)的同工酶，以及GOⅠ只含单种亚基，GOⅡ和GOⅢ则可能含两种亚基的新观点。     

硝酸稀土对菜豆属(phaseolus)两个种幼苗期生理效应影响的研究

本文研究了不同浓度的硝酸稀土对菜豆属绿豆和赤豆两个种幼苗的生长以及主要成分、脂肪酶活力和其酯酶同工酶酶谱的影响。结果表明:①稀土浓度对赤豆的生长除500ppm 外,其余的浓度对主要成分的含量有促进作用;②稀土对绿豆的生长因浓度不同而有差别,其主要成分的含量亦不同,但均使酯酶同工酶酶带有所增加。     

Involvement of D-amino acid oxidase in elimination of D-serine in mouse brain

The physiological role of D-amino acid oxidase (EC 1. 4. 3. 3) in mouse brain is described. The presence of D-enantiomers of neutral common amino acids was surveyed in the brain. D-serine was shown to be present at high concentration only in regions where the enzyme activity was low. In normal mice whose D-amino acid oxidase activity was much higher in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum, free D-serine content was apparently lower in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum. In mice of a mutant strain lacking D-amino acid-oxidase activity, the free D-serine level was remarkably high both in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The results suggest that the enzyme is involved in the elimination of free D-serine in the cerebellum.     

厚唇光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus labiatus)和侧条光唇鱼(A.parallens)的比较研究

通过对其形态、解剖及部分同工酶表型的比较研究,发现厚唇光唇鱼(Acrossocheiluslabiatus)和侧条光唇鱼(A.parallens)的差别比较显著,认为二者都是有效种,但它们各自占领不同的水域,其分布受到南岭的阻隔.     

不同温度处理对春小麦幼苗叶内过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的影响

本文研究了8℃(处理)和25℃(对照)对8个春小麦品种幼苗叶内过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的影响。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳酶谱经薄层色谱扫描分析表明:1)处理的过氧化物酶同工酶带数比对照减少1条和增加2条的各有1个品种;酶带数没有变化的有6个品种。处理的过氧化物酶活性,比对照升高和降低的各有4个品种。2)处理的酯酶同工酶带数比对照增加1～3条;酯酶活性升高的只有3个品种,而降低的却有5个品种。本研究结果有助于对春小麦抗寒性的了解。     

武夷山和九龙山崇安髭蟾的同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳的方法,对产于福建武夷山和浙江九龙山的崇安髭蟾(Vibrissaphora Liui Pope)作了四种器官组织(肝、心、脑、肾)乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酯酶(EST)同工酶的分析比较,结果表明,两个产地髭蟾的同工酶谱无差别,我们认为,武夷山和九龙山崇安髭蟾的形态差异只能是地理种群分化(geographical population differentiation),把这两个不同产地的髭蟾作为同一个种处理是恰当的。     

L-谷氨酸氧化酶高产菌株的快速筛选及诱变育种

用谷氨酸氧化酶测试液浸湿白卷纸置于菌落上,根据白卷纸上显示红色快慢、深浅,就能大致测得该菌落菌株产酶能力高低。该法可靠性大、工作量小、操作简便,显示结果快。利用该法,配合亚硝酸诱变,在短暂三个月内,将L-谷氨酸氧化酶产生菌株产酶能力提高了约25倍。     

固定化条件对葡萄糖酶电极响应性能的影响

用微铂盘电极和交联法制得的酶膜构成葡萄糖酶电极，测定其电流响应特性，研究了酶的固定化条件：酶含量以及载体蛋白和交联剂的用量等，对响应特性的影响。提出较适宜的酶电极制备方法，并检测了所得的电极在不同ｐＨ溶液中的灵敏度，指出其最佳操作条件。     

Administration of the antitumor drug mitoguazone protects normal thymocytes against spontaneous and etoposide-induced apoptosis

The suggestion has been made that polyamines may be involved in the control of cell death, since exceedingly high or low levels induce apoptosis in different cell systems. For a deeper insight into the relationship between apoptosis and polyamine metabolism, we investigated in vitro the effect on rat thymocytes of mitoguazone (MGBG, which inhibits S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, i.e. a key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway). Thymocytes were selected as an especially suitable model system, since they undergo spontaneous apoptosis in vivo and can be easily induced to apoptose in vitro by etoposide, used here as an apoptogenic agent. MGBG protected thymocytes from both spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis, and this protective effect was associated with a decrease in polyamine oxidase activity and total polyamine levels.Received 7 July 2004; received after revision 2 September 2004; accepted 9 September 2004     

The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase: structural aspects and activation mechanism

Flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ is the catalytic core of the respiratory-burst oxidase, an enzyme complex that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of O₂ into the superoxide anion O₂ ^- in phagocytic cells. Flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ is anchored in the plasma membrane. It is a heterodimer that consists of a large glycoprotein gp91phox (phox for phagocyte oxidase) (β subunit) and a small protein p22phox (α subunit). The other components of the respiratory-burst oxidase are water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin, namely p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and Rac. Upon cell stimulation, they assemble with the membrane-bound flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ which becomes activated and generates O₂ ^-. A defect in any of the genes encoding gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox or p47phox results in chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder characterized by severe and recurrent infections, illustrating the role of O₂ ^- and the derived metabolites H₂O₂ and HOCl in host defense against invading microorganisms. The electron carriers, FAD and hemes b, and the binding site for NADPH are confined to the gp91phox subunit of flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ . The p22phox subunit serves as a docking site for the cytosolic phox proteins. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on the structural organization of the O₂ ^--generating flavocytochrome b ₅₅₈ , its kinetics, its mechanism of activation and the regulation of its biosynthesis. Homologues of gp91phox, called Nox and Duox, are present in a large variety of non-phagocytic cells. They exhibit modest O₂ ^--generating oxidase activity, and some act as proton channels. Their role in various aspects of signal transduction is currently under investigation and is briefly discussed. Received 28 May 2002; received after revision 20 June 2002; accepted 24 June 2002