溶血对氧化酶法测定葡萄糖含量影响的实验研究

目的探讨标本发生溶血后对氧化酶法测定葡萄糖所产生的影响及纠正方法.方法随机抽取门诊正常健康血液标本900例,溶血标准采用血浆游离血红蛋白的浓度来评价,葡萄糖浓度运用双波长法测定.最终采用二元一次方程回归,对比纠正前后存在的偏差值,并判定其纠正结果.结果经测定,溶血后的葡萄糖测定值低于实际值,且溶血程度越严重则受感染的结果越明显.最终所得的平均回归方程组为Z=0.415+0.053X+0.014Y,相关系数值r=0.974;经回归后纠正前偏差值δ1=-13.4%,纠正后偏差值δ2=-7.7%,纠正后差值在可允许误差范围±0.1内(P0.05).结论通过回归方程纠正后,葡萄糖浓度测定值和实际值存在的差值在可允许范围之内.     

壳聚糖—纳米金自组装葡萄糖生物传感器的研究

利用壳聚糖与纳米金构建一种新型的葡萄糖生物传感器。探究不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液、p H及温度对传感器响应电流的影响。结果表明,此传感器在温度为35.0℃,p H=7.00,葡萄糖质量浓度为0.018~25.7 mg/L范围内有良好的线性,线性I=4.135 6 m+91.787μA,R2=0.997 9,检出限为0.001 2 mg/L。该传感器具有制备简单、方法简便、灵敏度高,能快速检测等优点。     

Diversity and dispersal history of the talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) of Bermuda

Five taxa of talitrid amphipods were found in the archipelago of Bermuda, of which three were recorded there for the first time. Four of these are supralittoral wrack generalists: Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402, (a unique Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit according to the Barcode Index Number system), a related species recognized by molecular methods, Platorchestia platensis BOLD:AAA2949, Mexorchestia carpenteri carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491 and Tethorchestia antillensis; and one a terrestrial leaf-litter generalist: Talitroides alluaudi. A key is provided to discriminate between the formally described talitrids of Bermuda. Dispersal mechanisms from the American continent to Bermuda were considered for all taxa based on species distributions along the North American Atlantic coast and also investigated by molecular methods, using genetic population differentiation and haplotype network analysis based on the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. For P. monodi BOLD:AAB3402 the genetic results suggest that some dispersal events occurred before human colonization of Bermuda but are equivocal about the source population and therefore the direction of dispersal. Some very recent synanthropic dispersal is possible with this species. For the other two species studied genetically, P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 and M. c. carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491, the small population samples analysed support dispersal to Bermuda from the American mainland, before human occupation of Bermuda, although the available sample size was limited for these species. The available limited direct, non-genetic evidence supports synanthropic transport for Talitroides alluaudi. Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402 is found in the same wrack habitat as P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 on Bermuda, apparently without interbreeding. No evidence was found that driftwood specialist talitrids had become established in Bermuda.     

基于POD同工酶对石蒜属种间和石蒜居群间进化关系的研究

对石蒜属(Lycoris)9个种和石蒜(L.radiata)16个居群的POD同工酶酶谱进行了分析和比较.结果表明:(1)石蒜属植物共显示出24条酶带(种间和居群间各12条),其中五条是特征酶带(种间和居群分别为3条和2条).(2)石蒜属9个种可分为两类:一类由具有两型核型结构(V型和I型)的7个种所组成:即中国石蒜L.chinensis、忽地笑L.aurea、长筒石蒜L.longituba、鹿葱L.squamigera、安徽石蒜L.anhuiensis、香石蒜L.incarnata、乳白石蒜L.albiflora;另一类由具单型核型结构(I型)的2个种所组成:即石蒜L.radiata、换锦花L.sprengeri.其中,中国石蒜和忽地笑亲缘关系最近,与形态学和细胞学研究结果相近.(3)石蒜POD同工酶变异比较丰富,与石蒜染色体核型和数量多样性相符.POD同工酶研究显示石蒜居群间遗传距离与地理距离不存在相关性.研究结果表明同工酶变异分析可以作为探讨石蒜属种间亲缘关系和石蒜遗传多样性的有效手段.     

冬眠及外源维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖能量代谢的影响

观测了冬眠前饲料中添加外源维生素C(Vc)对冬眠中华鳖稚鳖能量代谢的影响.结果发现外源Vc不能提高冬眠期间中华鳖的存活率(P=0.57).稚鳖个体在冬眠期间生长能的平均值为-0.15 kJ.d-1,该值与代谢耗能相当.鳖体蛋白、脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数w在冬眠前后无显著差异(P>0.05),外源Vc对鳖的体组成没有明显影响(P>0.05).冬眠8周后,肝脏线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)和肝脏乳酸锐氢酶(LDH)的活性显著下降(P<0.05).饲料外源Vc对肝脏线粒体蛋白含量、肝脏线粒体COX和LDH的活性均无影响(P>0.05).     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫地克珠利与马杜霉素耐药株的3种同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E imeria tenella)药物敏感株、地克珠利耐药株、马杜霉素耐药株以及2个耐药株重组体的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、磷酸葡萄糖异构酶(GPI)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)同工酶进行了分析.结果显示:在LDH同工酶谱中,敏感株有一条浓带,3株耐药株均没有酶带;在GPI同工酶谱中,敏感株有4条带,地克珠利耐药株有GPI-2和GPI-4,而马杜霉素耐药株和重组体均含有GPI-2、GPI-3和GPI-4;在G6PD同工酶谱中,敏感株有4条带,而3株耐药株均只有G6PD-3和G6PD-4.同工酶分析表明,药物敏感株与3株耐药株之间的3种同工酶均有差异.3株耐药株之间的GPI存在差异,而在LDH和G6PD无差异.     

葡萄糖氧化酶多层膜修饰电极的电化学性能的研究

利用层接层自组装法,制备出有序且稳定的葡萄糖氧化酶的多层膜.应用电化学方法和XRD方法研究了膜修饰电极的电化学传感性能.结果表明:该传感器具有较好的重现性和稳定性,传感器对葡萄糖的响应非常迅速;每次加入葡萄糖后,电极的电流响应会随之出现跳跃性增大,酶电极达到96%,稳态电流响应的时间仅为3 s;灵敏度可以通过合理地调解多层膜的厚度来控制.     

Preliminary report on the genetic structure of Glyphoglossus molossus (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Khorat Plateau,north-eastern Thailand

Glyphoglossus molossus, is one of the most economically important amphibians in the Khorat Plateau, north-eastern Thailand. It is categorised as a near-threatened species by IUCN due to over-exploitation. Here, we examined the genetic structure of G. molossus using partial mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene sequences from specimens collected at 11 localities. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of 15 haplotypes, 5 of which are shared by 2 or more populations, and 10 haplotypes that are confined to a single population. The relatively low haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities suggest that the Phu Phan Mountain Range is not high enough to act as an effective dispersal barrier between the Sakon Nakhon and Khorat Basins. However, AMOVA and phylogenetic analyses based on Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) strongly supported the presence of two genetically divergent clades, Sakon Nakhon Basin and the northern part of the Khorat Basin (clade A) and the southern part of the Khorat Basin (clade B). These two lineages are separated by substantial geographical distance, which has putatively resulted in a reduction of gene flow. Further studies, with more extensive genetic sampling, especially from throughout the species range will aid in better interpreting our results.     

皱疤坚螺在不同发育时期的酯酶(EST)同工酶比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺电泳法分析了皱疤坚螺(Camaena cicatricosa)不同发育时期3个组织的酯酶同工酶,得到19条基本谱带,其中有4条为公共谱带。实验结果表明:不同的组织之间酯酶同工酶存在差异。在相同组织的不同发育时期酯酶同工酶酶谱是相似的,但在谱带上也存在有细微的差异;肝的酯酶活性最大,足的酯酶活性最小。以酶谱为性状,对其进行了聚类分析,发现不同发育时期足和外套膜的相似性比较大,肝的酯酶同工酶酶谱出现了较大变化,而且依成体肝、亚成体肝和幼体肝的顺序与其它组织依次聚类。