Revision and biogeographical analysis of the black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron (Teleostei,Cichlidae): results of morphometric,allozyme, globin chain and mtDNA studies

Morphometric, allozyme, globin chain and cytochrome b analyses were used for a revision of the subspecies complex of the black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell, 1852. Three out of four subspecies are recognized as valid: S. m. melanotheron (Ivory Coast to Benin), S. m. heudelotii (Senegal to Guinea) and S. m. leonensis (Sierra Leone to Liberia). The fourth subspecies, S. m. nigripinnis, is raised to the species level S. nigripinnis and is composed of the nominate subspecies S. n. nigripinnis known from Gabon and a newly introduced subspecies, S. n. dolloi, originally described as Tilapia dolloi and previously synonymized with S. m. nigripinnis. It is presently known from the mouth of the Congo to the Lower Kouilou. Phylogenetically, populations from the most eastern range, e.g. Gabon/Congo, are considered to represent the most ancient populations. From this area of origin, the western range of West Africa (Senegal to Benin) was colonized. Two independent colonization events are indicated by allozyme and mtDNA analyses. The initial invasion of the western range of West Africa could be dated back to about 2.5 million years ago.     

Successful identification of the final instar nymph of Quintilia carinata (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) by DNA extraction from the exuvium

Despite being taxonomically and phylogenetically informative, the morphology of the immature stages of cicadas has received comparatively superficial attention. One reason for this is the difficulty of positively identifying immature stages, particularly as these stages are fossorial. We present a method for identifying cicada exuviae using DNA sequence data and describe a set of characters and character states for the final instar nymph of Quintilia carinata (Thunberg). The identification of immature stages using molecular methods will increase our knowledge of African cicadas, allowing for the initiation of future phylogenetic and ecological comparisons.     

禾本科9种植物过氧化物酶（POD）与酯酶（EST）类平均聚类分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝凝胶垂直平 板电泳方法，测定禾本科植物狗尾草，看麦娘，鹅观草，等９种植物叶片的过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶。     

红豆草组织培养中不同培养物同工酶谱差异的研究

对红豆草组织和原生质体培养中的不同培养物进行了过氧化物酶、细胞色氧化酶和酯同工酶的研究。结果表明，在胚性与非胚性愈伤组织、再生的正常苗与玻璃苗、再生苗与种子苗之间均存在明显的差异。     

食品中葡萄糖的酶—比色法分析

用葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化物酶作酶试剂，苯酚和４氨基安替吡啉作显色剂比色测定食品中的葡萄糖．测定的最大吸收波长为５０５ｎｍ，酶促反应稳定时间４０ｍｉｎ．２４ｈ内重现性好，相对误差小于２％．３２种食品分析确定标准系列范围、称样量．样品测定的不确定度小于０．０９８ｍｇ／ｇ，检出限为０．００３３％．     

黑冀地鳖和中华真地鳖三种同工酶的比较研究

用聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板凝胶电泳法分析比较了新疆黑冀地鳖polyphaga obscurachop和中华真地鳖Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker的酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)三种同工酶的电泳酶谱,研究结果表明:两种地鳖各自具有不同的特征性酶谱;不同组织具有不同的特征性酶谱;酯酶(EST)同工酶的两种地鳖中的活性均较高,而乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的活性则较低.     

杜仲形成层活动周期及过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的变化

杜仲（Ｅｕｃｏｍｍｉａ ｕｌｍｏｉｄｅｓ Ｏｌｉｖ．）形成层３月中旬恢复活动,７月下旬形成层细胞停止分解,同时停止产生新的韧皮部细胞,但直到８月中旬才停止产生新的木质部细胞。１２月新形成的未成熟韧皮部和木质部组织都继续分化、成熟。形成层活动周期中,过氧化物酶同工酶谱和酶活性在形成层区域和木质部区域中变化最大。ＰＯⅠ和ＰＯⅡ组同工酶只在春季形成层恢复活动时期的活动状态发生变化。负极端的ＥＳＴⅢ￣Ⅴ组     

安徽黄精属五种植物的同工酶分析

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析了安徽产黄精属（ｐｏｌｙｙｏｎａｔｕｍ ｍｉｌｌ．）五种七个居群植物的过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶,比较了居群间酶谱差异,并对获得的酶谱资料进行了聚类分析（ＵＰＧＭＡ）．结果表明：１）七个居群植物可明显分为５个有效种：Ａｌ和Ａ２为一种,Ｂ１和Ｂ２为一种,Ｃ,Ｄ,Ｅ分别为三个不同种,此结果与有关形态分类的研究结果一致;（２）酶谱特征显示居群间呈多样性;     

SO2对玉米叶片组织过氧化物同功酶的影响

用动态熏气方法，将室内培养三叶期玉米（丹育六）幼苗进行ＳＯ２熏气，然后用取丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，分析熏气后玉米叶片过氧化物同功酶酶带活性和酶谱带数的变化。结果表明，玉米叶片过氧化物同功酶酶带活性，酶谱带数，可见伤害程度在一定接触范围内，与熏气时间和作用浓度成正相关。可以看出，过氧化物同功酶的出现，是ＳＯ２污染的结果，它的呈现程度，可作为植物受ＳＯ２污染的伤害指标。     

两种耐寒性不同的小麦低温处理后ATPase同工酶的变化

正常温度条件下（２５±１℃）培养的冬小麦京农Ｓ５１００、临远７０６９和春小麦津春４号、津春９号幼苗叶片内均显示出６条ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶谱带，芽鞘内则为９－１０条，表明ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶不能反映出两种类型小麦在耐寒性上的差异。１－４℃低温处理１－４周后，冬小麦和春小麦幼苗叶片及芽鞘内ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶谱均有所减少，叶片中由６条减至１条（ＡＴＰａｓｅ５），芽鞘由９－１０条减至２条（ＡＴＰａｓｅ６，ＡＴＰａｓｅ７），将１－４℃低温处理１－４周后的小麦幼苗转入正常条件下再培养１周，使其幼苗生长恢复正常，检测叶片及芽鞘内的ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶，发现各自均基本恢复到低温处理前的水平。