人类结构基因功能研究与应用

对人类结构基因功能的核心问题:基因的多样性、基因的表达、模式生物基因及疾病相关基因研究及应用等方面进行了概述.     

Optimum Combined Lenses for Confocal Biochip Scanning System

IntroductionLaboratory-on-a-chip technology[1 5] has gainedinterest in recent years,and consists of threeclassic steps:sample preparation,biochemicalreaction,and detection analysis.Many researchgroups have used small biochips to studypolymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification[1 ] ,DNA sequencing[2 ] ,ligase chain reaction(LCR) [3] ,dielectrophoresis of cell separation,andcapillary electrophoresis[4 ,5] .Some importantbiochip detection systems[6 8] have been developed,such as the dual-la…     

INO1基因在粟酒裂殖酵母中的表达及对蔗糖酶分泌和磷脂合成的影响

分别用含有INO1基因的两个质粒pADH-INO和pSPIN-22对天然肌醇营养缺陷型的粟酒裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomyces pombe）进行转化，得到的转化子分别命名为Sch.P944和Sch.P1025.通过对Sch.P944和Sch.P1025的研究，发现两个质粒均能在粟酒裂殖酵母中自主复制并使其变成肌醇原养型，但肌醇分泌的速度和数量Sch.P944均高于Sch.P1025。用该两菌株研究肌醇合成与细胞生长及可分泌蔗糖酶比活的关系，结果显示：细胞的生长与肌醇的合成紧密相关；而蔗糖酶的比活，当葡萄糖含量小于1％时，菌株Sch.P944的蔗糖酶分泌是解葡萄糖阻遏的，而Sch.P1025在实验范围内，蔗糖酶的比活都受到葡萄糖的阻遏作用。对Sch.P944和Sch.P1025膜磷脂的组成进行分析比较发现，膜磷脂中磷脂酰肌醇（PI）的含量Sch.P944比Sch.P1025高，而磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）的含量Sch.P944比Sch.P1025低。这意味着肌醇通过磷脂酰肌醇参与了蔗糖酶分泌的解阻遏作用。     

甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）叶片形态的非孟德尔式遗传研究

本文研究表明，甘蓝型油菜（B.napusL.)叶片形态偏离正常的孟德尔式遗传，正反交F2与回交B2世代之间性状分离结果呈现出显著差异，而且这种分离差异在高世代衍生家系间以及不同交配系统中和不同年度间表面一致。作者提出了“质核互作对异源基因配子的优先选择”假说以解释这种异常遗传行为。文中还详细讨论了其他一些假说的不适合性，以及前人在叶形遗传研究中可能存在的局限性。     

碱基关联与基因表达水平的关系

研究了Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ和Ｙｅａｓｔ基因编码区内碱基关联与基因表达水平的关系，结果表明：１）单碱基构成与基因表达水平有一定的关系；２）紧邻、次紧邻碱基间的关联（ｔ≤２）与基因表达水平有较好的线性关系；３）密码子第１位碱基的构成与基因表达水平有关系；４）密码子内１、３位和２、３位碱基之间的关联熵与基因表达水平有很强的关系；５）密码子内各位碱基与相邻密码子第１位碱基的关联熵与基因表达水平有很好的线性关系．     

短小芽孢杆菌质粒pCJ3的衍生质粒pAl32的酶谱及抗性基因定位

从短小芽孢杆菌四环素抗性质粒pCJ3截短的衍生质粒pAL32,经用6种限制酶双酶解试验,根据琼脂糖凝胶电泳带估算各片段的分子量,作出了pAL32的6种限制酶图谱。利用已除去复制功能的金黄色葡萄球菌质粒pUB110与pAL32构建的Km~rTc~r的双抗性重组质粒pSC33为载体,在EcoRV位点克隆的λDNA片段的重组子均为Km~rTc~s。用pUB110与pAL32在PvuⅡ位点连接后的重组质粒也为Km~rTc~s。根据这些重组子四环素抗性的失活,推知pAL32上EcoRV与PvuⅡ切点均位于其四环素抗性基因上。     

Mutational effect of the “- 35” element of sorghumpsbA gene promoter

Mutations of the first position T and the third position G in TTGACA, the " - 35" element of sorghum psbA gene promoter, were induced using chemically synthesized 20 nt oligonucleotide primer. Three mutants were produced: ATTACA, GTGACA, and ATGACA. Then the protein binding affinity of the mutants and the wild type sorghum psbA gene promoter was tested in a spinach chloroplast protein extract system. Gel retardation assay of the wild type showed a strong protein-binding band. On the other hand, the protein-binding band of the mutant resulting from single base mutation, ATGACA or GTGACA, showed reduced intensity, while that of the mutant resulting from double base mutation, ATTACA, showed increased intensity. It is thus shown that the " - 35" element plays an important role in controlling the binding between psbA gene promoter and the specific chloroplast proteins; mutation of a single base may exert a substantial influence on the binding affinity.