从主观文化类同到文化利用——科学之于基督教与科学之于儒学的共同特征

当科学作为外来文化与基督教和儒学分别相遇时,基督教和儒学的捍卫者采取的反应十分相似：无论是基督教父的“希腊哲学源自《旧约》”说还是中国儒士的“西学中源”说都是先让科学“认祖归宗”,这在客观上确立了科学在本已文化中的地位;基督教父的“婢女传统”和中国儒士的“中体西用”说则进一步限定了科学与本己文化之间的从属关系。从“希腊哲学源自《旧约》”说和“西学中源”说到“婢女传统”和“中体西用”说,反映了一个从主观文化类同到文化利用的文化交流过程。     

德瓦尔论七种人猿界线说及人在动物界的地位

德瓦尔以大量事实证明:猿类也有理性、语言和文化,也制造和使用工具,也搞政治,也能创作具有一定形式美的艺术品,也有道德意识和准则,因而,理性论、工具论、语言论、政治论、艺术论、文化论和道德论的人猿或人兽界线论都是不能成立的。人与其他猿在各方面都只有程度上的差异而没有性能种类上的不同,人是与其他猿相比各有长短又在某些方面具有明显优势的潘属猿中的裸猿。     

科技文化:“人的自然”延展与整合之本

人的自然是一个统一的整体,包括人的身外的自然和自身的自然两个方面。科技文化是人的自然生成和发展过程中的关键变量,它极大地拓展了人的身外的自然,不断开掘着人的自身的自然。以科技文化为切入点,反省近代科学世界观,有助于丰富和提升人的自然的整体性,并推进人类文化的当代转型。     

Hsp70 chaperones: Cellular functions and molecular mechanism

Hsp70 proteins are central components of the cellular network of molecular chaperones and folding catalysts. They assist a large variety of protein folding processes in the cell by transient association of their substrate binding domain with short hydrophobic peptide segments within their substrate proteins. The substrate binding and release cycle is driven by the switching of Hsp70 between the low-affinity ATP bound state and the high-affinity ADP bound state. Thus, ATP binding and hydrolysis are essential in vitro and in vivo for the chaperone activity of Hsp70 proteins. This ATPase cycle is controlled by co-chaperones of the family of J-domain proteins, which target Hsp70s to their substrates, and by nucleotide exchange factors, which determine the lifetime of the Hsp70-substrate complex. Additional co-chaperones fine-tune this chaperone cycle. For specific tasks the Hsp70 cycle is coupled to the action of other chaperones, such as Hsp90 and Hsp100.Received 21 October 2004; received after revision 24 November 2004; accepted 6 December 2004     

Protein aggregation as primary and characteristic cell reaction to various stresses

Ehrlich carcinoma and EL-4 thymoma ascites cells were subjected in vitro to heat shock, ATP depletion, oxidative stress, Ca²⁺ overlading and iodoacetamide treatment. After the transient stresses, Triton (X-100)-insoluble TIS) fractions were isolated from the cells and analysed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. All stresses used caused rapid aggregation of cell proteins. This was manifested in a signficant rise in protein content in the TIS fractions. The protein increase was mostly due to and increase in the insolubility of actin, 57 kDa protein of intermediate filaments, 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 70), and some specific proteins whose insolubilization was a characteristic sign for each type of cell injury. Different survival rates in the cell lines after either stress corrlated well with differences in their TIS protein accretion. Possible mechanisms for stress-induced protein aggregation and its relationship with cell viability are suggested.     

The effect of shock on blood oxidation-reduction potential

Oxidation-reduction (redox) potential measurements were made in the blood of rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic shock followed by treatment with a mild oxidizing agent (albumin). Control redox potential reading corrected for pH was –8.8±1.3 millivolts (mV) in arterial blood (A) and –18.0±2.0 mV in venous blood (V). This A-V difference indicated that hydrogen equivalents coming from muscle and other tissues were partially consumed in the lungs. A 20-mV drop on the V and a 13 mV on the A side was seen after shock. This did not fully return to control 2 h after return of the shed blood. Infusion of 2 g of albumin/kg/h raised the V redox potential to control, but it returned to untreated levels when the albumin was discontinued. The reductive load imposed on the animal by shock appeared to be large and not readily reversed by reperfusion or by the quantity of albumin given. Thus, it may be concluded that cellular respiration had not been adequately restored. This reductive load may impede recovery by suppression of cellular respiration and other cell and organ functions.     

Oil shocks: How can OECD countries manage them best?

As the 1990-91 Gulf crisis has emphasized, the risk of new oil shocks remains high in the medium to long run. Although energy intensity has decreased in the major countries since the first two oil shocks, the simulation performed with the MIMOSA world model, which is described in this paper, shows that a permanent rise in oil prices still induces direct strong negative consequences in the OECD: a temporary recession, a durable loss in production and employment and a lasting rise in inflation. Moreover, according to the model and due to national dissimilarities, an oil shock in Europe has some asymmetrical effects which are pointed out here. Further simulations test two different economic policy responses in the OECD: a ‘beggar-thy-neighbor’ policy in which each country tries to ‘export’ its unemployment by curbing domestic inflation and wage growth; and a co-ordinated policy supporting both supply and demand. The first leads to a general deflationist overshooting. The second ensures stabilization with a much lower cost in employment.     

子宫翻出致休克、DIC病例

子宫翻出是一种罕见而又严重的分娩期并发症,一旦发生若得不到及时治疗,可引起大出血、休克,甚至DIC,严重威胁病人的生命.     

论军营网络的文化价值与利用

随着互联网技术的发展,军营网络不断更新换代,以适应信息化战争和官兵的网络文化需求,军营网络的文化价值在军队得到很大体现。军营网络以其强大的功能改变了军队官兵的文化生活方式,促进了军队信息化建设,提高了军队的管理效率。分析军营网络的兴盛缘由和价值问题,从推动军队信息化建设、提高官兵的信息素养和发挥军营网络的功能方面,对军营网络的文化价值利用提出对策。