等离子喷涂铁基非晶/晶体复合涂层的工艺–结构–性能关系

本研究试图通过优化等离子喷涂参数来开发一种Fe基非晶/晶体涂层,该涂层主要成分来自一种贫乏的铁基合金（Fe_92.6C_3.5P_1.4Si₂Mn_0.5）。这种合金是钢铁厂高炉产出的生铁剩余废料。为了经济有效地重新利用这种残留物,这种合金在合成时对成分进行了最少的修改。同时,本研究还探讨了涂层的结构、机械、腐蚀和磨损性能对喷涂参数（等离子功率、主气体流速、送粉速度和间隔距离）的依赖性。X射线衍射表明,在最优的喷涂参数下沉积的涂层存在无定形/晶体相。在较低等离子功率和最高气体流速下沉积的涂层表现出更好的密度、硬度和耐磨性。所有涂层都表现出良好的耐腐蚀性（腐蚀环境:3.5wt% NaCl 溶液）。机械、磨损和摩擦学研究表明,单一的工艺参数优化无法提供良好的涂层性能;相反,所有工艺参数在优化涂层性能都具有独一无二的作用,它们主要通过控制飞行中的颗粒温度和速度分布,以及熔滴撞击基材之前的冷却模式来控制涂层性能。     

Influence of ECAP on the fatigue behavior of age-hardenable 2xxx aluminum alloy

The fatigue behavior under load control and the mechanical properties of commercial 2011 aluminum as an age-hardenable Al alloy was studied. To estimate the effects of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process, solution heat treatments, and aging on the fatigue life, tests were conducted at four different stages:furnace cooling; furnace cooling plus one ECAP pass; solid solution heat treatment, quenching, one ECAP pass plus aging at peak age level; and the T6 condition. Only one pass was possible at room temperature because of the high strength of the material. The fracture surface morphology and microstructure after fatigue were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that the optimum fatigue life under load control, the tensile strength, and the Vickers hardness of the material were interdependent. The optimum fatigue life under load control was achieved by increasing the tensile strength and hardness of the material.     

Preparing Ca-P coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy by hydrothermal method: In vitro degradation behavior

Magnesium alloys are potentially attractive biodegradable materials.However,their rapid corrosion rate limits their biomedical application.To slow down the rate of biodegradation,a protective calcium-phosphate coating was formed on a magnesium alloy substrate by a hydrothermal method.Scanning electron microscope results showed that the coating consisted of two layers with different crystalline characteristics.The loose outer layer showed a prism-like crystal structure,while the compact inner layer is a dense ultra-fine regular di-pyramid-like structure with an average grain dimension of ～200 nm.The compositions of the inner layer and outer layer were calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-def HA) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPa),respectively.The coating adhered well to the substrate with a thickness of about 15 m.Immersion in Hank’s solution indicated that the coating could significantly improve the degradation properties of magnesium alloy.The pH of the solution containing the coated samples increased much more slowly than the untreated control.After 8 d immersion,the uncoated sample had corroded seriously while the coated sample was much less corroded.The Ca/P atom ratio in both the layers of the coating increased and the coating was still protecting the substrate.The two layers of the coating corroded differently because of differences in solubility.The outer layer was more severely attacked and many holes were formed on the surface,the inner layer suffered less attack.In addition,a growth of precipitate on the inner layer was observed,indicating that surface bioactivity was improved by the coating.Thus,magnesium alloys coated with a Ca-P coating prepared by a hydrothermal method are promising candidate biodegradable biomaterials,and further investigation of in vivo degradation behavior is suggested.     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的形貌及相组成分析

采用Ｘ射线衍射法和扫描电镜研究了ＬＹ１２铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的相组成及形貌特征。结果表明，铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜主要由α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３相组成，氧化膜具有表面层，致密层，界面层３层结构，微弧大小一般为微米数量级，微弧区Ａｌ２Ｏ３处于熔融状态。     

Cl~-对690合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、动电位电化学阻抗谱和电容测量等方法研究了690合金在一回路模拟溶液中的电化学行为.极化曲线结果表明:690合金在两种溶液中都存在较窄的钝化区间,在0.5V出现二次钝化现象.电化学阻抗表明,690合金在不含Cl-溶液中的阻抗模值较大,而随Cl-的加入阻抗模值变小.动电位电化学阻抗谱表明,随扫描电位正移,钝化膜在两种溶液中具有相似的变化趋势,动电位电化学阻抗谱与动电位极化曲线完全对应.690合金在0.2V下形成的钝化膜的Mott-Schottky曲线测量表明,溶液中Cl-使得钝化膜中的施主和受主密度增大.     

Co2Ti1-xMxA（X=0,1/4;M=C,Si）晶体的电子结构的第一性原理研究

用广义梯度近似密度泛函和全势能线性缀加平面波方法研究了晶体Co2Ti1-xMxA（lX=0,1/4;M=C,Si）的电子结构.为了更好的了解杂质元素对晶体AlCo2Ti结构的影响,对杂质元素M（M=C,Si）替代晶体AlCo2Ti中的Ti（1/2,1/2,1/2）位进行了对比研究.同时,对杂质元素M（M=C,Si）对晶体AlCo2Ti的晶格常数、体弹模量和原子之间的化学键产生的作用进行了探讨.     

NiTi形状记忆合金振动感知与主动控振研究

分析了复合于基体材料或嵌入机械结构中的ＮｉＴｉ丝对动、静应变的感知性能，基于ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金的振动感知和驱动特性，实现了机械系统振动的智能化控制，建立起机械系统的动力学模型。基于机械系统参数时变的特点，应用时频分析方法很好地描述了机械系统非平稳振动响应的过程，结果表明，ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金可灵敏地感知动、静应变，并可迅速作出反应，有效控制振动。     

Mg-1.3Mn-xCe-xZn镁合金显微组织和力学性能的研究

以Mg-1.3Mn合金为基合金,添加质量分数为1.0%或者2.0%的Ce以及质量分数为2.0%~6.0%的Zn,进行多元合金化,研究Ce,Zn对Mg-1.3Mn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明：在Mg-1.3Mn合金中,一定量Ce,Zn的加入不但能明显地细化晶粒,而且能提高实验合金的抗拉强度和硬度.Mg-1.3Mn-1.0Ce-xZn合金的室温拉伸断裂机理随着Zn含量的增加也将发生改变.     

熔盐电解法制取Al-Si合金

按照工业铝电解生产的方式,采用Na3AlF6 Al2O3体系作为支持电解质,加入SiO2,在熔融状态下电解,得到Al Si合金·利用扫描电镜对产物的形貌和化学成分进行了分析,结果表明合金中Si的含量可达到30%以上,为过共晶产物·结晶Si的形貌是典型的针片状·此产品可作为母合金使用·根据实验结果,对熔盐电解法制备Al Si母合金的机理进行了讨论,认为Al Si合金的生成是由于两种机制共同作用的结果:Al还原了SiO2中的Si,构成Al Si合金;Si与Al同时在阴极析出,形成Al Si合金·保持Al2O3及SiO2的浓度,电解可始终进行·此法可以作为一种新的合金生产方式在实际中应用·     

Tensile deformation behavior of a solution-treated Ti-33Nb-4Sn alloy with a dual β and α" phases under cyclic loading-unloading

The cyclical tensile deformation behavior of a solution-treated(ST) Ti-33Nb-4Sn alloy with a dual β and α "phases was investigated in this study.Experimental results indicated that the ST Ti-33Nb-4Sn alloy exhibited different deformation behavior during two different loading-unloading cycles,and that the deformation behavior was closely related to the characteristics of stress-induced martensitic(SIM) transformation,mainly including the extent and the reversibility of SIM transformation.During the first cycle,the extensive and incompletely reversible SIM transformation occurred,resulting in notable "double yielding" during loading and residual permanent strain after unloading.In the second cycle,however,a slight and reverse SIM transformation,together with pure elastic deformation,taken place concurrently,giving rise to a recoverable nonlinear deformation behavior.Our results also imply that by tailing the characteristics of SIM transformation,the Ti-based alloys with a mixture of α" and β phases might perform recoverable deformation and possess a promising potential for engineering applications.