TiO_2光催化活性的研究

采用搅拌式光催化反应器,以中压汞灯作光源,甲基橙为模型化合物,考察了SO42- 处理及Cu2+对TiO2 光催化活性的影响.研究发现,SO42- 处理以及Cu2+ 的加入都能够提高TiO2 的光催化活性,在此反应体系中甲基橙的降解为一级反应,甲基橙的光催化降解速率与光强度成正比,TiO2 光催化剂的投加量为150 mg/L,Cu2+的加入量为200μg/L时光催化效果最佳.     

Y2O3掺杂对WO3压敏非线性及介电性能的影响

在Y2O3掺杂量(摩尔分数)为0.2%～2%的范围内研究了Y2O3掺杂对WO3的非线性伏安特性及介电性能的影响.实验结果表明:随Y2O3掺杂量的增加,样品的非线性系数先增大后减小,在Y2O3掺杂量为0.8%附近达到最大值(3.61);样品的介电常数(在1kHz频率下测量)也是先增大后减小,其最大值(1.16×104)出现在Y2O3摩尔分数为1.2%附近的样品中.测量了各样品的阻抗频率依赖关系,并由此估算了不同Y2O3含量样品的晶粒电阻,利用德拜弛豫关系式解释了Y2O3掺杂引起WO3介电常数与晶粒电阻变化的关系.Y2O3掺杂的WO3陶瓷是一种新型的压敏电容材料.     

Ce改性CuO/γ-Al2O3的稳定性及催化活性研究

以CeO2作为改性添加剂、γ-Al2O3为载体、CuO为活性成分，用分层浸渍的方法制备出负载型CuO—Ceo2／γ-Al2O3湿式氧化催化剂；采用TG—DTA、XRD对其进行表征，研究了Ce的掺杂对载体及活性成分高温稳定性的影响并得出结论：在湿武氧化反应过程中，Ce的掺杂有效抑制了γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3转变的高温相交，以及活性成分CuO与载体间相互作用形成CuAl2O4昀过程。通过对苯酚的湿式氧化降解实验，获知CeO2的加入可明显提高催化剂活性，其中6％CuO-6％CeO2／1—100％Al2O3的质量组分比对苯酚的催化活性最佳，反应30min，苯酚溶液COD的去除率为91．31%。     

Eu~(3+)掺杂La(OH)_3一维纳米线的磁学和发光性能研究

采用溶剂热法成功制备La(OH)_3和La(OH)_3:Eu~(3+)纳米材料,表征了样品的晶体结构、微观形貌、宏观磁性及发光特性。结果表明,所制备样品是微观尺寸均匀,分散性良好,直径约为14 nm、长度约为107 nm的一维线状结构。纯La(OH)_3和La(OH)_3:Eu~(3+)纳米线均表现出室温铁磁性能,且其饱和磁化强度和荧光发射随掺杂浓度的提高先升高后降低。Eu~(3+)掺杂浓度为3%时,所制备的La(OH)_3:Eu~(3+)纳米线的饱和磁化强度最高(43.1 memu/g),是纯La(OH)_3纳米线(2.04 memu/g)的22倍。该掺杂浓度的样品同时表现出了优异的荧光发射性能,在589 nm,616 nm和696 nm处具有Eu~(3+)的特征荧光发射谱线。此类材料在特殊纳米功能器件、磁性荧光靶向药物等方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

亚酞菁/二氧化钛纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米TiO_2,以亚酞菁(SubPc)为光敏剂,利用化学修饰法合成系列不同质量配比的TiO_2-SubPc(Br)纳米复合材料,以提高TiO_2在可见光下的光催化性能。利用粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对催化剂进行表征。在可见光下研究TiO_2-SubPc(Br)光催化剂对酸性及碱性有机染料(甲基橙、亚甲基蓝、酸性品红和溴酚蓝)的降解效果。结果表明,加入敏化SubPc(Br)的TiO_2光催化剂对4种有机染料均有较好的降解效果,其中ω(TiO_2)∶ω(SubPc(Br))=25∶1的TiO_2-SubPc(Br)光催化剂降解效果最为显著,对酸性品红和溴酚蓝的降解率分别可达到97%和99%。     

垃圾填埋场中水泥土屏障对Cu2+的阻滞性能

通过室内模型试验,研究了不同水泥掺量的水泥土防渗屏障和上海老港填埋场的膨润土砂水泥(塑性混凝土)防渗屏障对Cu~(2+)的阻滞效果,并应用数值模拟的方法对Cu~(2+)在防渗屏障中的有效扩散系数进行求解.研究结果表明,随着水泥掺量和屏障厚度的增加,水泥土屏障对金属离子的阻滞效果会逐步提升;Cu~(2+)在水泥土中的有效扩散系数(1×10~(-7)~2.5×10~(-7) cm~2·s~(-1))是在土中的有效扩散系数(9.53×10~(-6)~1.14×10~(-5) cm~2·s~(-1))的1/35~1/100;上海老港填埋场中的塑性混凝土防渗屏障对Cu~(2+)有较好的阻滞效果.     

纳米Fe/Cu双金属的制备及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除

利用液相还原法制备了纳米Fe/Cu颗粒,考察了其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除性能,研究了不同pH、亚甲基蓝初始浓度和反应时间对去除效果的影响.结果表明,酸性条件下Fe/Cu纳米双金属对亚甲基蓝去除效果良好,且在45min时反应达到平衡,对亚甲基蓝的去除过程符合准一级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温模型.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC-particle-strengthening tri-metal Al/Cu/Ni composite produced by accumulative roll bonding process

In this study, a multilayer Al/Ni/Cu composite reinforced with SiC particles was produced using an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process with different cycles. The microstructure and mechanical properties of this composite were investigated using optical and scanning microscopy and hardness and tensile testing. The results show that by increasing the applied strain, the Al/Ni/Cu multilayer composite converted from layer features to near a particle-strengthening characteristic. After the fifth ARB cycle, a composite with a uniform distribution of reinforcements (Cu, Ni, and SiC) was fabricated. The tensile strength of the composite increased from the initial sandwich structure to the first ARB cycle and then decreased from the first to the third ARB cycle. Upon reaching five ARB cycles, the tensile strength of the composite increased again. The variation in the elongation of the composite exhibited a tendency similar to that of its tensile strength. It is observed that with increasing strain, the microhardness values of the Al, Cu, and Ni layers increased, and that the dominant fracture mechanisms of Al and Cu were dimple formation and ductile fracture. In contrast, brittle fracture in specific plains was the main characteristic of Ni fractures.     

Solid-phase synthesis of Cu<Subscript>2</Subscript>MoS<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles for degradation of methyl blue under a halogen-tungsten lamp

The Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles were prepared using a relatively simple and convenient solid-phase process, which was applied for the first time. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles having a band gap of 1.66 eV exhibits good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue, which indicates that this simple process may be critical to facilitate the cheap production of photocatalysts.     

Cu含量对2A14铝合金显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响

为了提升2A14铝合金耐局部腐蚀性能,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、点蚀测试、循环阳极极化曲线(Tafel)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等分析测试方法,研究了Cu含量对2A14铝合金锻件显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:随着Cu含量降低,诱导点蚀的Al2Cu和AlCuMgSi残余结晶相体积分数减小,点蚀坑密度显著降低,合金抗点蚀性能和电化学腐蚀性能大幅提高.