Multiple paths to aquatic specialisation in four species of Central American Anolis lizards

Aquatic anoles present an interesting ecomorphological puzzle. On the one hand, the link between habitat use and morphology is well established as convergent within the Caribbean anole radiation. On the other hand, aquatic anoles do not appear to form an ecomorphological group – rather, it appears that there may be several ways to adapt to aquatic habitats. We explore this issue by examining the ecology, morphology and performance of four species of Central American aquatic anoles belonging to two different lineages. Overall, we find that aquatic anoles overlap in multiple ecological and morphological dimensions. However, we do find some differences in substrate use, claw and limb morphology, and bite force that distinguish Anolis aquaticus from the other three species (A. lionotus, A. oxylophus and A. poecilopus). Our results suggest that A. aquaticus is adapted to climb on boulders, whereas the other species utilise vegetation in streamside habitats.     

A new feather mite genus of the family Psoroptoididae (Acari: Analgoidea) from cassowaries

A new feather mite genus Hexacaudalges gen. n. (Psoroptoididae: Psoroptoidinae) is established based on the type species Megninia casuaricola Proctor, 2001 Proctor, H. C. 2001. Megninia casuaricola sp. n. (Acari: Analgidae), the first feather mite from a cassowary (Aves: Struthioniformes: Casuariidae).. Australian Journal of Entomology, 40: 335–341. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], which was originally described from the southern cassowary Casuarius casuarius (Struthioniformes: Casuariidae). Morphological peculiarities of this genus, its taxonomic position within the family Psoroptoididae and possible origin are discussed. We also present a clarification of setal nomenclature for this family of mites.     

铜合金三酸抛光微观效果研究

通过扫描电子显微镜微观观察的方法对三酸化学抛光液中各组分对铜合金表面抛光效果的影响进行了研究.结果表明,采用微观观察法能够更直观有效地研究各组分对铜合金表面抛光效果的影响,在此基础上,获得铜合金表面最佳抛光液:磷酸200~300ml/L、硫酸200~400ml/L(磷酸+硫酸500~600ml/L)、硝酸200~250ml/L(紫铜)、40~150ml/L(黄铜)、盐酸5~15ml/L.经处理的铜合金表面不仅外观光亮、微观平整,而且铜合金表面制备的转化膜中性盐雾测试时间更长、防腐性能更好.根据扫描电子显微镜观察铜合金微观形貌获得最佳抛光液组成的方法,简单方便、准确有效     

The saws of sawflies: exploring the morphology of the ovipositor in Tenthredinoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with emphasis on Nematinae

The variation in ovipositor sculpture and additional features of the ovipositor apparatus in Tenthredinoidea is explored. Two outgroups and 85 species of tenthredinoids were examined, the emphasis of the taxon sampling being on Nematinae. Twenty-four morphological characters where scored and the data set was analysed under different weighting conditions. The topologies derived from analysing the character set in TNT are poorly resolved and highly unstable when analytical settings are changed. Only a few clades, the Tenthredinoidea s. str., the Diprionidae, the Cimbicidae and the Argidae + Pergidae are consistently retrieved. The functional implications of the variation in ovipositor morphology within Tenthredinidae is discussed in relation to the qualities of the host plant, e.g. the hardness and the depth of penetration in plant tissue.     

A revision of Monocotyle Taschenberg, 1878 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) with descriptions of three new species from Australia

Monocotyle is revised and three new species are proposed. Monocotyle corali sp. nov. is described from the gills of the cowtail ray, Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål) (Dasyatididae), and is distinguished from other members of Monocotyle by the large hamuli with a distinct tail on the guard and by the male copulatory organ with three loops and a wing-like accessory piece at the distal end. Monocotyle jordani sp. nov. from the gills of the southern eagle ray, Myliobatis australis Macleay (Myliobatididae), is differentiated by the male copulatory organ with a large, unique accessory piece. Monocotyle youngi sp. nov., from the gills of Himantura fai Jordan and Seale (Dasyatididae), has marginal haptoral papillae armed with 12 to 15 sclerites, a male copulatory organ with 20 loops and a unique accessory piece at the distal end. Monocotyle trygoni (Venkatanarsaiah and Kulkarni, 1980) Timofeeva, 1985 is synonymized with M. spirophallus Tripathi, 1959 and M. spirophallus is redescribed fully. There are now 16 valid species of Monocotyle and a key to species is presented. Additional data and illustrations of important taxonomic characters are provided. The developmental sequence of the male copulatory organ of M. spiremae Measures, Beverley-Burton and Williams, 1990 from juvenile to adult is described. The anterior glands and the type of secretion they contain are also documented for several species of Monocotyle.     

Morphological studies on a new species of Orthodonella,with redescription of O. gutta (Cohn, 1866) Kahl, 1931 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Synhymeniida) from coastal water off Qingdao,China

The morphology and infraciliature of two marine synhymeniid ciliates, Orthodonella apohamatus nov. spec. and Orthodonella gutta (Cohn, 1866 Cohn, F. 1866. Neue infusorien im seeaquarium. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 16: 253–302.  [Google Scholar]) Kahl, 1931 Kahl, A. 1931. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 2. Holotricha außer den im 1. Teil behandelten Prostomata. Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21: 181–398.  [Google Scholar], collected from coastal water off Qingdao, China, were studied on living cells and using protargol silver impregnation. The diagnosis for O. apohamatus nov. spec.: marine Orthodonella with length×width about 60–160×20–35?µm in vivo; lanceolate body shape with conspicuous beak-like projection at anterior end; 42–60 (mean 53) somatic kineties, including 28–42 on ventral and 13–20 on dorsal side; synhymenium with about 54–62 dikinetids; pharyngeal basket composed of 8–13 rods; four contractile vacuoles, two in middle near left margin and two at posterior end of cell; one elongated macronucleus and one micronucleus. Based on a Qingdao population, an improved diagnosis for the poorly known species, O. gutta is suggested: marine Orthodonella in vivo about 140–200×60–100?µm; body widely ellipsoidal with contractile beak-like anterior end; 62–74 (mean 66) somatic kineties with ca 41–48 ventral and 20–26 dorsal; synhymenium consisting of 43–70 dikinetids; 11–14 pharyngeal rods; one to several contractile vacuoles distributed in caudal area of cell; numerous cortical granules tiny and colourless; one ovoid macronucleus.     

处理频率对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜特性的影响

利用自制多功能微弧氧化膜的制备系统对TC4钛合金进行表面处理, 通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究脉冲频率(f)对氧化膜生长特性、 表面形貌和相组成的影响. 结果表明, 当f≤2 000 Hz时, 成膜速率随f增加迅速减小; 当2 000 Hz＜f＜4 000 Hz时, 成膜速率随f增加而减小的趋势变缓; 当f≥4 000 Hz时, 成膜速率不随f发生变化. 该氧化膜表面多孔, 随f的增加, 膜表面微孔尺寸逐渐减少, 微孔密度逐渐增加. 膜层主要由锐钛矿和金红石相TiO2及少量不饱和氧化物TiO2-x（0.02＜x＜0.07）相组成, 其中锐钛矿和金红石相TiO₂的相对含量随f的变化不明显, 而TiO_2-x的相对含量当f≤2 000 Hz时较高, 当f＞2 000 Hz时, TiO_2-x的相含量明显减少. 