辱虐管理对反生产行为的影响——负性情绪和自我损耗的链式中介作用

为明晰辱虐管理、负性情绪和自我损耗对反生产行为的作用机理,在文献研究和开放式访谈的基础上,建立四者关系的假设模型。采用辱虐管理量表、负性情绪量表、自我损耗量表和反生产行为量表对395名员工进行调查,通过SPSS和AMOS进行相关分析和中介效应检验验证假设模型。结果表明：辱虐管理、负性情绪和自我损耗三者均与反生产行为呈显著正相关;辱虐管理既直接预测反生产行为,又间接影响反生产行为;间接影响主要通过负性情绪和自我损耗的独立中介作用,以及负性情绪和自我损耗的链式中介作用。     

基于PHREEQC程序的地下水Cr(Ⅵ)的亚铁还原去除研究

采用实验探究与程序模拟的双重方法考察地下水中含Cr(Ⅵ)的亚铁还原去除过程,考察pH、原料投量与共存阴离子对反应进程的影响,并运用PHREEQC 程序对实验结果的内在机制进行解释.结果表明:Fe(Ⅱ)还原去除Cr(Ⅵ)在碱性条件下可以获得较好的去除效果;同时投加的FeSO₄·7H₂O 与Cr的质量比在80∶1时,去除过程达到较经济有效的处理效果.其原因是不同的反应条件影响铬化合物形成的种类与饱和指数(SI),从而影响其去除效果.地下水中存在大量的共存阴离子,其中Cl-易与Cr(Ⅲ)形成不稳定复合物从而对反应进程产生抑制作用;SiO₂3- 因其在不同pH 条件下存在形式不同而对反应进程影响不同,在酸性与中性条件下产生抑制作用,在碱性条件下呈现促进作用.      

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

Development of emergency water quality standard for Cr6+ and Hg2+ in Liao River basin

The acute toxicity data of Cr＋ and Hg2＋ to the aquatic organisms in Liao River basin was collected and screened. Calculated results of criteria values using popular species sensitivity distribution （SSD） methods were evaluated through data analysis. The comprehensive methodology of emergency water quality standards （EWQSs） was established on the basis of the SSD method of Australia and New Zealand according to the evalu- ation results. The affected fractions of the aquatic organisms were set to be 5 %, 15 %, 30 % and 50 %, corre- sponding to the risk grades of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and IV, and four-grade EWQSs, respectively. The EWQSs for Cr6＋ and Hg2. in the Liao River were derived and the corresponding risk indicators were also proposed. The results showed that the four-grade EWQSs for Cr6＋ were 2.85 μg/L, 21.0 μg/L, 161 μg/L and 797 μ/L, respec- tively, and the risk indicators were daphnia （grade Ⅱ ）, shrimp （grade Ⅲ）, and the bighead fish or tadpole （grade IV）. The four-grade EWQSs for Hg2＋ were 0.59 μg/L, 2.32 μg/L, 6.25 μg/L and 15.6 μg/L, respective- ly, and the risk indicators were crucian carp or daphnia （grade Ⅱ）, shrimp （grade Ⅲ）, and worm or crab （grade IV）. The results provided valuable information for the risk analysis of sudden ambient water environmen- tal pollution accident.     

Y含量对Ni-20 Cr合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

为了揭示稀土元素Y对Ni-20Cr合金高温抗氧性能的影响,利用非自耗真空电弧炉熔炼4种不同Y含量的Ni-20Cr合金,并对合金进行循环氧化实验。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等对获得的合金氧化膜进行观察分析。结果表明,Y能提高Ni-20Cr合金的高温抗氧化性能,并且温度越高,作用越明显;添加0.6%Y的Ni-20Cr合金的高温抗氧化性能提升最为明显;添加Y有利于合金选择性氧化膜Cr2 O3的生成,提高氧化膜同基体金属的附着力,降低氧化速率,从而提高合金的高温抗氧化性能。     

无锡钢电镀过程中阳极材料电化学特性

研究了不同阳极在含铬溶液、含氟溶液和铬氟混合溶液中的交流阻抗谱,旨在弄清电镀过程中阳极材料的电化学特性.结果表明,铬离子、氟离子和铬氟混合离子在溶液中聚合形式对阳极材料的电化学特性有着重要影响.碳阳极和铅合金阳极在含铬溶液中可形成感抗现象,具有较小的极化电阻,而铅氧化物阳极在含铬溶液中具有较大的极化电阻.在铬氟离子混合溶液中,碳阳极和铅合金阳极表面感抗现象消失,且碳阳极极化电阻提高,铅氧化物阳极极化电阻降低,但铅合金阳极极化电阻明显高于碳阳极和铅氧化物阳极;铅氧化物阳极的导电能力大大提高.     

不同酸介质对TiO2光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响

 研究了不同酸介质对TiO₂光催化还原低浓度Cr(Ⅵ)体系的影响,发现在110 W紫外灯3、h照射条件下Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度低于20μg/mL时受空白影响大.通过在无TiO₂光催化剂的空白实验,表明在HCl介质中不用考虑空白带来的影响,而H₂SO₄,HNO₃,CH₃COOH均有不可忽略的影响.     

表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金高温氧化行为的影响

表面粗糙度作为重要的参数,对合金高温氧化膜剥落有重要影响.为此,研究表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金氧化20 h内的氧化动力学及氧化膜剥落行为的影响.通过热重法绘制动力学曲线,可以看出2.5 μm砂纸磨痕的合金氧化速率明显低于90 μm砂纸磨痕的氧化速率.利用扫描电镜观察氧化膜表面形貌,显示粒状的氧化物在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成,而刻面状的氧化物在90 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面形成.XRD分析表面,在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成的氧化物为Cr2O3,在90 μm砂纸磨痕表面形成的氧化物为NiO.结果表明：平滑的Ni-20Cr合金表面有利于生成保护性的Cr2O3而不发生脱落,具有优良的抗氧化性能.     

Cr12型模具钢氧化法冶炼工艺

介绍了传统电炉的返回吹氧法生产Cr12型高合金模具钢的工艺特点.通过分析传统工艺的优劣,针对"EBT LF"二步法冶炼工艺的特点,客观上确定了新工艺流程冶炼该钢种的可行性.通过合理安排电弧炉生产,总结生产中的各种要求,逐步解决了新工艺冶炼Cr12模具钢中存在的困难.产品质量检验表明:使用该生产工艺,Cr12型模具钢成分稳定,终点控制命中率高,有利于保持产品质量的稳定性.氧化法冶炼Cr12型模具钢较之返回吹氧法有明显的经济效益,合计吨钢效益达到787元/t.     

水培条件下绿萝对铜、铬滤除特征

采用室内水培实验的方法,首先分别单独研究了绿萝对水体中铜、铬的滤除作用;进而开展了绿萝对水体中铜/铬复合污染的滤除作用。实验结果显示,当水体中铜浓度在0~3 mg/L范围内,绿萝对其去除率较高,14 d后去除率可达92%;而当水体中铜的浓度在4.5~10 mg/L时,绿萝对其滤除作用较低。绿萝对被铬污染的水体几乎没有滤除作用。在铜/铬复合污染水体中,当铬浓度在0~5 mg/L时,绿萝对其滤除作用明显,去除率可高达86%,说明铜的存在明显促进了铬的吸收。综上所述,绿萝在净化低浓度铜污染以及铜/铬复合污染的水体有很好的应用前景。