铬法与锰法测定地表水COD值的研究

通过采用铬法与锰法测定佛山科学技术学院校园湖水COD值以及铬法与锰法分析条件、氧化率的相互比较．其结果表明：铬法精度高于锰法，铬法比锰法氧化完全，因此，采用铬法来作为控制有机污染物综合性指标比用锰法更为适宜，在测定清洁的地表水COD值时可用锰法，但对于受污染的地表水用铬法更适合。     

粉煤灰处理含铬废水的研究与试验

用粉煤灰处理电镀车间的含铬废水,可达到国家规定的排放标准,通过条件试验确定了粉煤灰吸附的最佳条件,这种处理废水的方法,不仅可以消除粉煤灰对环境的污染,而且对粉煤灰的综合利用另辟一条新途径。     

Effects of Cr and Mo elements on the microstructures and compressive properties of the in situ (TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets

In-situ(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/Ni cermets with 70 wt%TiC_xN_y–TiB_2 were successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot pressing sintering in Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems.The microstructures,density,compressive properties,and hardness of the TiC_xN_y–TiB_2/Ni cermets with the addition of 0–8 wt%Cr/Mo to the Ni-Ti-B_4C-BN powder systems were compared and analysed.The results showed that the ceramic particles distributed uniformly in the cermets,and the size of the ceramic particles reduced with the Cr/Mo addition.Both Cr and Mo addition can improve the hardness,compressive properties,and fracture strains of the cermets.The hardness,compressive strength,and fracture strain of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Cr)cermets increased from 1561 HV,2.94 GPa,and 2.9%to 1864 HV,3.65 GPa,and 3.4%,respectively when the Cr content increased to 5 wt%.The hardness and compressive strength of the(TiC_xN_y–TiB_2)/(Ni+Mo)cermets increased from 1561 HV and 2.94 GPa to 1902 HV and 3.43 GPa,respectively when the Mo content increased to 8 wt%.The cermets with Cr had better compressive properties than the cermets with Mo.     

土霉素菌渣活性炭吸附处理低浓度含铬废水

采用活化法制备土霉素菌渣活性炭(菌渣炭),并用于处理低浓度含铬废水。经过组分测定可以看出土霉素菌渣含有较高的挥发分,灰分含量较低;元素分析中C、O元素的含量较高,表明土霉素菌渣含有大量的有机物和菌体蛋白;BET测得菌渣炭的比表面积、孔容和孔径都较大,通过扫描电镜可观察出菌渣炭具有较多的微孔和中孔,有利于对Cr(VI)定的吸附。通过单因素实验确定在初始Cr(VI)浓度为2mg/L时菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的最佳吸附pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间分别为4、0.5g/L、 50min, Cr(VI)的最高去除率为96.2%。热力学和动力学分析结果表明菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为17.93 mg/g,对Cr(VI)的吸附速率与吸附剂上未被占据的吸附位点的平方成正比。用1mol/L的HCl对菌渣炭进行洗脱再生,经过4次循环实验Cr(VI)的去除率为77.1%,剩余溶液中Cr(VI)浓度为0.459 mg/L,满足污水综合排放标准0.5 mg/L,菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为2.018 mg/g,表明菌渣炭的再生性能良好。     

One-step disposal of Cr (Ⅵ)-bearing wastewater by natural pyrrhotite

Cr(VI)-bearing wastewater can be treated by natural pyrrhotite which is used for reductant to reduce Cr(VI) and precipitant to precipitate Cr(III) simultaneously. The disposal products can be divided into three parts in the beakers, namely supernatant in the upper part, the yellowish colloidal precipitates in the middle part and the pyrrhotite in the lower part. The content of total Cr=Cr(VI)+Cr(III) in the supernatant liquid is 0.06 mg/L, which is lower than 1.5 mg/L of the discharge standard of China and near to 0.05 mg/L of the standard of potable water. This one-step disposal composing of both reduction and precipitation which is traditionally divided into two independent steps called reducing technology and precipitating technology respectively. The new method is of obvious economic advantage and favourable to decreasing surplus mud derived from adding Ca(OH)₂ to precipitate Cr(III) traditionally so as to avoid recontamination. In fact, sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) used in disposal of Cr(VI) was traditionally produced from natural mineral of pyrrhotite (FeS). One molecule of FeS is 4 times more than that of Na₂SO₃ from a view point of rational use of mineral resources. Therefore the prospective of application of the one-step disposal of Cr(VI) method is full of promise.     

NaCl溶液中20Cr9Ni5Co14不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为

采用电化学极化技术(动电位极化技术、线性极化技术和循环极化技术)和交流阻抗技术研究了不同条件下20Cr9Ni5Co14超高强度不锈钢的电化学腐蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜对极化后腐蚀形貌进行了表征.结果表明,20Cr9Ni5Co14钢在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中出现钝化.随着Na Cl浓度的升高,钝化现象消失,而自腐蚀电流密度从8.223×10-7A/cm2减小至1.129×10-7A/cm2;随着p H值的降低,20Cr9Ni5Co14钢的致钝电位和过钝化电位增加.在p H值高于3时,腐蚀产物膜具有良好的耐腐蚀性能而导致反应步骤成为控制步骤.而当p H值降低到2时,腐蚀产物溶解速度很快,金属界面发生腐蚀速率很大,浓差极化成为了控制步骤.对腐蚀形貌研究表明,20Cr9Ni5Co14钢在极化过程中出现点腐蚀,导致了材料的耐腐蚀性能下降.     

DLC多层膜对9Cr18微动磨损性能的影响

采用等离子体源离子注入（PSII）技术在9Cr18不锈钢基体上制备类金刚石碳膜（DLC）多层膜，比较了该多层膜与N注入层对基体微动磨损性能的影响，结果表明，注入N后，改性层内形成了CrN,Cr2N和Fe3N等氮化物相；PSII技术能够提高9Cr18不锈钢的抗微动磨损性能，实验所制备的DLC多层膜比N注入层具有更好的抗微动磨损性，这与最外层LDC膜的高硬度和低摩擦系数有关。     

Ni Co Cr合金共沉积工艺

通过线性扫描、循环伏安和交流阻抗谱分析,研究了柠檬酸镀液中Ni-Co-Cr合金共沉积的电化学行为,并利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对镀层的表面形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,Cr3+与Ni2+,Co2+离子有相互促进放电、加速共沉积的作用,Co为异常沉积.当添加剂为10 g/L,糖精为1 g/L,p H值为2.5,镀液温度为30℃时,阴极极化较大,有利于得到Cr含量高的Ni-Co-Cr合金镀层.所得镀层表面光亮平整,为非晶态结构.     

潮喷机衬板用高铬铸铁的研究

本文对高铬铸铁成分,铸造和热处理工艺及机械性能进行了研究。结果表明15—2—1高铬铸铁是潮喷机衬板的理想材料。     

50Mn18Cr4V无磁钢的热变形行为

通过高温压缩热模拟实验,研究了50Mn18Cr4V高锰无磁钢在变形温度为900~1100℃、应变速率为01~10s-1条件下的热变形行为.结果表明,VC第二相的应变诱导析出对50Mn18Cr4V的热变形行为产生重要影响.当变形温度为900~1000℃,应变速率为5s-1时,VC第二相不能充分析出,与应变速率为1s-1相比,对动态再结晶的阻碍作用减弱.应尽量使实验钢在高温段完成热加工,并适当提高应变速率.随着变形温度降低到950℃以下,材料的塑性变差,若以较低的应变速率变形,容易造成晶界开裂;应变速率过高,容易造成流变失稳,因此,以5s-1的应变速率变形,较为适宜.确定了50Mn18Cr4V无磁钢的再结晶激活能为7769kJ/mol.通过实验数据回归,建立了实验钢的高温变形抗力模型.