四元Heusler合金Co_2V_(1-x)Cr_xAl的电子结构、磁性及半金属性研究

利用第一性原理计算方法,研究了L2_1型Heusler合金Co_2V_(1-x)Cr_xAl(x=0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1)的磁性、电子结构、半金属性及四方变形等。结果表明,随着Cr掺杂浓度的提高,合金总磁矩主要由Co的d电子贡献,总磁矩线性升高,符合Slater-Pauling规则,晶格常数线性减小,符合Vegard定律;此外,随着x的增加,费米面从临近导带底向靠近价带顶移动,能隙宽度增加,当x0.25时,合金具有半金属性。Co_2V_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)Al合金由于费米面位于自旋向下带带隙中部,抗原子无序能力强,在整个合金系列中半金属稳定性最佳,且在四方变形研究中,当c/a在0.92~1.07范围内时,该合金仍能保持稳定的半金属性。     

多次熔铸对Ni-Cr烤瓷合金拉伸性能的影响

将铸造后的Ni-cr烤瓷合金处理后再经过4次熔铸,分别得到Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ代铸件(Ⅰ代铸件由新Ni-Cr烤瓷合金直接铸造而成).铸件经万能工具磨床研磨而制成拉伸试件.对所有试件进行拉伸加载直至试件断裂,测试所有试件的拉伸强度、0.2%屈服强度和延伸率.经统计学分析,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ代试件与Ⅰ代试件之间的拉伸强度、0.2%屈服强度无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ⅱ代试件与Ⅰ代试件之间的延伸率无显著性差异(P>0.05),而Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ代试件的延伸率则显著高于Ⅰ代试件(P<0.05).     

三维网络SiC_n/20Cr钢复合材料的界面固相反应及显微组织

采用真空-气铸法制备了SiCn/20Cr钢复合材料,并对SiC/20Cr钢复合材料的界面进行了研究.结果表明:SiC和20Cr在复合材料的界面产生较强固相反应,SiC分解出的Si与Fe结合生成Fe-Si化合物,SiC分解出的C以石墨态沉积下来.固相反应的区域由碳化硅反应区、金属反应区和碳沉积区组成.碳元素在碳沉积区的沉积形态与沉积点到SiC的距离有关.TEM证实了金属反应区的产物为(Cr,Fe)23C6及Fe3Si,其中Fe3Si的形成为SiC的分解提供了热力学驱动力.     

One-step disposal of Cr (Ⅵ)-bearing wastewater by natural pyrrhotite

Cr(VI)-bearing wastewater can be treated by natural pyrrhotite which is used for reductant to reduce Cr(VI) and precipitant to precipitate Cr(III) simultaneously. The disposal products can be divided into three parts in the beakers, namely supernatant in the upper part, the yellowish colloidal precipitates in the middle part and the pyrrhotite in the lower part. The content of total Cr=Cr(VI)+Cr(III) in the supernatant liquid is 0.06 mg/L, which is lower than 1.5 mg/L of the discharge standard of China and near to 0.05 mg/L of the standard of potable water. This one-step disposal composing of both reduction and precipitation which is traditionally divided into two independent steps called reducing technology and precipitating technology respectively. The new method is of obvious economic advantage and favourable to decreasing surplus mud derived from adding Ca(OH)₂ to precipitate Cr(III) traditionally so as to avoid recontamination. In fact, sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) used in disposal of Cr(VI) was traditionally produced from natural mineral of pyrrhotite (FeS). One molecule of FeS is 4 times more than that of Na₂SO₃ from a view point of rational use of mineral resources. Therefore the prospective of application of the one-step disposal of Cr(VI) method is full of promise.     

粉煤灰处理含铬废水的研究与试验

用粉煤灰处理电镀车间的含铬废水,可达到国家规定的排放标准,通过条件试验确定了粉煤灰吸附的最佳条件,这种处理废水的方法,不仅可以消除粉煤灰对环境的污染,而且对粉煤灰的综合利用另辟一条新途径。     

Cr2O3/SiC(M,Y)-Al2O3系稳定的低粘度高固相含量悬浮体的制备

研究了复相Cr2O3/SiC(M,Y)-Al2O3系稳定的高固相含量的低粘度悬浮体的流变特性,找出了影响流变性的主要因素.在碱性条件下,用实验室合成的PMAA-NH4和CM作为复合分散剂以及引入有机单体制备出固相含量高达63(vol)%,粘度为235mPa.s的Cr2O3/SiC(M,Y)-Al2O3悬浮体.     

盐和铬对单细胞藻生理生化的影响

以3种单细胞海洋藻类:新月菱形藻、亚心形扁藻、湛江叉鞭金藻为实验材料,研究了几种外界因子6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和二脘基氨基乙醇羧酸酯(DA-6)、盐度、铬等对其生长、光合作用、呼吸作用、叶绿素合成及SOD酶谱的影响.结果表明,在一定的浓度范围内DA-6和6-BA对藻类的生长有促进作用,超过一定浓度,则有抑制作用.在一定的盐度范围内,藻类的增长随着盐度的加大而加快,而超过一定范围,则盐度越大,生长越慢,盐度对藻类光合作用、呼吸作用及叶绿素合成的影响也大致如此.而铬则明显地抑制藻类叶绿素的合成,降低酶活,对藻类有很大的毒害作用.     

Passivation method of 317L stainless steel used in medicine

The electrochemical performance of 317L stainless steel used in medicine under different conditions of passivation (different contents of HNO₃ solution, different passivation time and different passivation temperatures) was studied. The results show that the pitting potential of 317L stainless steel used in medicine can reach about 1.0 V (SCE) when electrochemically tested in 0.9% NaCl solution after the steel was passivated in 30% HNO₃ solution at 35℃ for 6 h, which indicates that the passivation film has a relatively strong resistance to corrosion. The results also show that the corrosion resistance of the passivation film on the surface of 317SS can be increased after suitable amount of K₂Cr₂O₇ is added into HNO₃ passivation solution.     

OLED电极引线的腐蚀机理分析

有机电致发光器件(OLED)电极引线发生腐蚀是OLED失效的重要原因.用XRD,XPS,SEM和EDX等方法对镀Cr的ITO电极引线样品的腐蚀产物成分、结构和形貌进行了分析,XRD和XPS结果表明镀层Cr反应生成Cr(OH)3和CrO3,SEM和EDX结果表明Cr先腐蚀,ITO随后发生腐蚀.然后通过对引线样品在不同溶液中的极化曲线分析,得知Cr腐蚀产物的价态与其所处的电位有关,且氯离子对ITO腐蚀具有促进作用.最后根据实验结果对电极引线腐蚀的全过程提出一简化模型进行解释.     

予处理工艺对18Cr2Ni4wA钢奥氏体晶粒粗化温度的影响

本文研究了四种不同的予处理工艺对渗碳钢１８ＣｒＮｉ４ｗＡ钢奥氏体晶粒粗化温度的影响。研究表明，奥氏体晶粒粗化温度与不同予处理后固溶析出的ＡＩＮ粒子的数量、大小、分布和奥氏体起始晶粒度及其不均匀度有关。提出了提高奥氏体晶粒粗化温度的途径；同时指出了＂本质晶粒度＂概念的不科学性。