MnO2和K2Cr2O7氧化盐酸制备Cl2条件的讨论

本文应用Nernst方程讨论了无机化学中MnO2、K2Cr2O7作为氧化剂氧化盐酸制备氯气的实验条件。     

Chemical quenching and inhibition of positronium in Cr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalysts

The pore structure of Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalysts and the surface chemical properties of these pores were characterized by positron lifetime and coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) measurements. Four lifetime components could be resolved from the positron lifetime spectrum, with two long lifetime components and two short lifetime components. The two long lifetimes τ4 and τ3 are attributed to ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilation in large pores and microvoids, respectively. With increasing Cr2O3 content, both τ4 and its intensity I4 show sharp decrease, while τ3 and its intensity I3 keep nearly unchanged. The Doppler broadening S parameters also show sharp decrease with increasing Cr2O3 content. Detailed analysis of the CDB spectrum reveals that the parapositronium (p-Ps) intensity also decreases with increasing Cr2O3 content. This indicates that the change of o-Ps lifetime τ4 is due to the chemical quenching by Cr2O3 but not spin-conversion of positronium. The decrease of o-Ps intensity I4 indicates that Cr2O3 also inhibits positronium formation.     

重金属铬对几种蔬菜生长的影响研究

本实验以油菜、油麦菜、生菜以及小白菜种子为材料,研究了不同Cr3＋浓度及胁迫时间对其发芽率、幼苗株高、根长、干重的影响.试验结果表明：随Cr3＋浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,其对幼苗的毒害作用越明显,表现为Cr3＋对玉米幼苗的生长包括株高、根长、鲜重和干重有明显的抑制作用;随着Cr3＋浓度的增加和胁迫时间延长,Cr3＋胁迫对幼苗叶片叶绿素合成具有明显的抑制作用,低浓度的铬对油菜、油麦菜、生菜以及小白菜种子的芽和幼根的生长有刺激作用,高浓度的铬对其表现为抑制作用.     

高铬铸钢轧辊热疲劳过程的组织和性能

针对现场出现的轧辊热疲劳裂纹较严重问题,研究了高铬铸钢轧辊热疲劳过程的组织和性能.通过约束热疲劳实验及高温拉伸实验,获得了热疲劳循环次数与主裂纹长度的关系,测试了高温状态下材料机械性能.用SEM,EDS分析了晶粒组织、成分偏析对热疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明:高铬铸钢轧辊的表面状态影响热疲劳裂纹萌生、扩展路径和方式;热循环上限温度及升温速度对裂纹扩展速率的影响较大;材料性能、组织变化等对高铬铸钢的热疲劳性能有明显影响.     

Mn18Cr18N护环钢工艺塑性与晶粒变化的试验研究

本文通过模拟试验，测定和分析了Ｍｎ１８Ｃｒ１８Ｎ钢的压力加工塑性和晶粒度的变化规律，得到了较佳的工艺参数。     

用改性活性炭处理含铬废液和富集金的研究

经改性的乌桕籽壳活性炭成功地用于对含铬废水的净化处理，尤其是氧化改性后的活性炭对Ｃｒ＾６＋吸附容量增加明显，而且发现吸附容量随活性炭表面羧羟基比值增加而增加。实验表明，改性后活性炭对金表现出优良的吸附性能，是很好的金富集剂，在溶液酸度为２０％王水介质中吸附效果最佳，少许滤纸浆有助于活性炭对金的吸附。     

Influence of interactions between chromium and cerium on catalytic performances of CrO_x–CeO_2/Ti-PILC catalysts for deep oxidation of n-butylamine

A series of CrOx-CeO2/Ti-PILC （PILC is pillared interlayered clay） catalysts for n-butylamine oxidation were prepared using an impregnation method, and the structures, surface acidity distributions, and redox properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption. The results show that addition of an appropriate amount of CeO2 enhances the interactions between Cr and Ce, and this increases the acid strength and mobility of active oxygen species on the cata- lyst. 8CrCe（6：1）/Ti-PILC（12,20） exhibits the best catalytic performance and control of NOx in n-butylamine oxidation.     

铂铬共掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铂铬共掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜,并用AFM、XRD、UV-Vis等对薄膜进行了表征.实验结果表明,铂铬共掺杂TiO2薄膜粒径约为32 nm;厚度为290 nm左右时,薄膜对亚甲基蓝的降解率在2.5 h达到95%左右;共掺体系的最佳掺杂量为n(Cr)∶n(TiO2)=0.4%, n(Pt)∶n(TiO2)=0.03%, 此时TiO2薄膜对亚甲基蓝有良好的降解效果,优于同等条件下制备的纯TiO2薄膜和铂、铬单掺杂TiO2薄膜.     

Theoretical study on photophysical property of C60M（CO）5 （M=Cr,Mo and W）

Configurations of three η2 models of transition-metal [60]fullerene derivatives C60M（CO）5（M=Cr, Mo and W） have been optimized at B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. On the basis of the optimized geometrical structures, their electronic spectra and the frequency dependence of third-order nonlinear optical polarizabilities γ in different optical processes of third-harmonic generation （THG）, electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation （EFISHG） and degenerate four-wave mixing （DFWM） are calculated by using TDB3LYP model based on LanL2DZ level coupled with the SOS （sum-over-state） method. The obtained results show that their electronic spectra have a red shift compared with that of [60]fullerene and different transition-metal functional groups added to C60 cage may result in different spectrum properties. For the three studied species, （η^2-C60）Mo（CO）5 has the largest third-order nonlinear optical polarizability.