2H-氮杂(艹卓)类化合物的合成

以5-甲基-2-甲氧基-3H-氮杂为主要原料,在-97℃条件下,与甲醇发生亲核置换反应,生成2H-氮杂类化合物.所得化合物的结构经IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,MS分析测试确证.     

无患子细根形态及垂直分布特征对配方施肥措施的响应

【目的】探究不同施肥处理下无患子细根垂直分布特征与形态差异,以及氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)对细根生长的影响及其交互作用,为中国南方地区广泛种植的生物质能源树种无患子的科学培育提供支撑。【方法】以福建省三明市建宁县 8年生无患子原料林为研究对象,对N、P、K肥料各设置 3个水平,采用“3414”随机区组设计进行配方施肥试验,共 14个处理,以不施肥为对照(CK),设置 3个区组,共 42个处理小区,每小区 5株作为重复。分别在2015年生长季末、2016年花期前、2016年果实迅速生长期按照配比开沟施 3次肥料,2016年12月在每个处理小区选取 4株平均标准木样株,在距树1 m处分 3层(0~20 cm、≥20~40 cm、≥40~60 cm)采集林地土柱样品,研究各处理 3层土壤内的细根分布规律及细根形态。【结果】无患子细根主要分布在0~20 cm土层,呈各土层逐层递减的规律,0~20 cm土层细根生物量(fine root biomass, FRB)及根长密度(fine root length density, FRLD)是 ≥20~40 cm土层的1.51~2.52倍和1.82~2.25倍,是 ≥40~60 cm土层的6.29~13.17倍和6.03~9.31倍。无患子FRB、FRLD、细根表面积(fine root surface area, FRSA)及细根平均直径(fine root average diameter, FRAD)均随着N、P、K施肥量的增加呈先增加后平缓降低的变化趋势,而细根比根长(fine specific root length, SRL)随着施肥量的增加表现为先降低再急剧增加而后平稳降低的变化规律。对根系促进效果最佳的N2P2K2处理在0~20 cm土层的FRB及FRLD较不施肥(CK)分别显著提高了152%和164%,≥20~40 cm土层较不施肥(CK)分别显著提高了242%和161%,≥40~60 cm土层较CK分别显著提高了385%和135%。【结论】无患子FRB、FRLD和FRSA在0~60 cm土层范围内逐层递减,有明显的垂直分布特点。在缺P条件下施用N肥和K肥对无患子根系生长影响效果较小,需要在一定范围内增加土壤养分有效性以促进无患子细根生长及生物量积累。施肥量较为充足时,无患子能够根据 ≥40~60 cm土层土壤养分资源有效性调整细根分布结构,以充分吸收养分。N和P的交互作用对FRB、FRLD、FRAD和SRL的影响达极显著水平,与无患子细根生长的相关性较大。在配方施肥处理下无患子细根生长的拟合模型分析基础上建议施N肥693 kg/hm²、施P肥321 kg/hm²、施K肥432 kg/hm²。     

Experimental study of heat transfer of ultra-supercritical pressure water in vertical upward internally ribbed tube

Under ultra-supercritical pressure, the heat transfer characteristics of water in vertical upward 4-head internally ribbed tubes with a diameter of 28.65mm and thickness of 8mm were experimentally studied. The experiments were performed at P=25～34MPa, G=450～1800kg/(m2·s) and q=200～600kW/m2. The results show that the pressure has only a moderate effect on the heat transfer of ultra-supercritical water when the water temperature is below the pseudocritical point. Sharp rise of the wall temperature near the pesudocritical region occurs earlier at a higher pressure. Increasing the mass velocity improves the heat transfer with a much stronger effect below the pesudocritical point than that above the pesudocritical point. For given pressure and mass velocity, the inner wall heat flux also shows a significant effect on the inner wall temperature, with a higher inner wall heat flux leading to a higher inner wall temperature. Increasing of inner wall heat flux leads to an early occurrence of sharp rise of the wall temperature. Correlations of heat transfer coefficients are also presented for vertical upward internally ribbed tubes.     

残留压缩应力对倾斜裂纹变形的影响

对于具有中心孔的混合型条件下的裂纹,提出了用沿着裂纹的不连续变位量来直接计算裂纹的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型应力扩大系数(KⅠ)mes和(KⅡ)mes的方法.在拉伸载荷的作用下,利用这种方法讨论了裂纹上下表面接触和裂纹周围存在的压缩残留应力对(KⅠ)mes和(KⅡ)mes产生的影响.其结果是,压缩残留应力的存在使(KⅠ)mes减小的同时,裂纹上下表面的相互接触使(KⅡ)mes下降.     

Space use by two arboreal rodent species in a Neotropical cloud forest

Studying animal space use patterns can help increase our understating of ecological processes such as competition and community dynamics. To quantify space and habitat use in an isolated and patchy cloud forest community in Mexico, we evaluate the vertical stratification, home range and habitat selection of two arboreal rodents: Habromys schmidlyi and Reithrodontomys microdon. Using live-traps at ground level and different forest strata, we radio-equipped nine individuals of H. schmidlyi and seven of R. microdon, and evaluated fine-scale space use and broad-scale habitat selection between cloud forest and oak forest. We found an average home range of 0.24 ha for R. microdon males and 0.72 ha for females, with a preference for higher canopy in the cloud forest. For H. schmidlyi the home range was 0.83 ha for males and 0.29 ha for females, with a preference for the understory level in the cloud forest. Home range is three-dimensional for these rodents, so we estimate that on average, individuals of both species used eight trees in the time they were tracked. We characterised the vegetation at the trap sites, and used recursive partitioning to relate the presence of different plants with the probability of finding these two species and Peromyscus aztecus, a third rodent species also present in the area and considered in our analysis of habitat use. The highest probability of finding R. microdon (96%) was related to the presence of Brachythecium occidentale and Renauldia mexicana, while H. schmidlyi (95%) was found in close proximity to Fabronia ciliaris and Everniastrum. We highlight the importance of arboreal trapping in biodiversity assessments, and the role of arboreal rodents in maintaining tropical forest ecosystems. We suggest that these rodent species could avoid or reduce competition by using the vertical strata differentially, and that H. schmidlyi and R. microdon can be biological indicators for cloud forest management and conservation.     

平面刚架二阶内力分析的矩阵位移法

文章针对弹性压杆变形后的状态和压杆的轴力效应建立压杆的平衡微分方程,由此研究压杆的物理关系;采用矩阵位移法建立结构的刚度方程,并将其写成迭代形式进行二阶内力的分析;在算例中将所得到的结果和一阶理论进行了比较,得到了一些有益的结论。     

排水板施工对软黏土扰动的现场试验研究

通过软黏土地基上塑料排水板施工过程的孔隙水压力观测及现场十字板强度试验,研究了排水板施工前后地基土体孔隙水压力增长和消散的规律,并且从软黏土地基的有效应力变化和结构扰动等方面分析了土体强度损失及恢复过程.结果表明:单根排水板施工引起的孔隙水压力增长较小,仅对表层孔隙水压力影响大;板群的施工对4 m范围内土体孔隙水压力的增长有叠加效应;排水板施工一方面使软土地基内的孔隙水压力增长,有效应力减小,导致软土强度的降低,另一方面使地基软土结构发生破坏而引起软土强度降低;孔隙水压力的增长引起的地基土强度损失恢复较快,而结构扰动引起的强度损失恢复较慢.     

大跨公轨合建斜拉桥主‒引桥地震相对位移响应与控制

基于巴拿马运河四桥研究了公轨合建斜拉桥在地震下的主-引桥相对位移响应与控制问题,分别建立了漂浮抗震设计方案、仅塔梁固结方案和固结方案有限元分析模型,分析了三种约束方案的相对位移响应。基于单自由度振子研究了相邻结构周期比和阻尼特性对结构相邻位移的影响。结合理论与参数分析,研究了主-引桥相对位移的控制方法。结果显示:主、引桥纵向首阶振型周期比、等效阻尼比之比以及阻尼机制对相邻结构的相对位移影响显著,其中周期比对相对位移的影响最为显著。不同粘滞阻尼器布置方案对主-引桥梁端相对位移的减震效果不同,直接在主、引桥梁-梁之间设置粘滞阻尼器有助于改善主桥与引桥梁端位移的同步性,控制效果最好;同时在主桥各墩位处和主、引桥梁-梁之间设置阻尼器的减震效果次之,但易于设计和安装,适应性好。     

静力弹塑性分析方法基于位移工程应用的研究

通过对静力弹塑性分析(pushouer)方法的研究和应用,克服基于水平力模式分析方法中的理论不足,采用基于水平位移模式分析方法,便于确定结构层间位移和各构件的弹塑性变形.结合工程实例简要介绍了这种方法的基本原理和实施步骤,表明pushouer方法在工程应用中简单实用,便于操作,而且是一种对建筑结构进行抗震性能评估的快速、准确的方法.     

大型立式电机有限元结构仿真分析

基于Solid Edge建立了某型号大功率电机的实体模型,在MSC.PATRAN环境下,建立了相应的有限元模型,调用MSC.NASTRAN对有限元模型进行了仿真,通过对电机整机的运动学分析、模态分析和静力学分析,得到了电机两端轴承的受力状态以及应力、应变、位移等参数值.根据仿真结果,进行了电机的强度和刚度的校核.结果表明:现有电机的结构基本满足设计要求,同时给出了电机结构的优化方案,为同类产品的开发和改进提供了参考.