三元层状氮化物Ti_4AlN_3的抗腐蚀性能

研究了以热压烧结合成的Ti_4AlN_3块体材料在浓和稀HCl,HNO_3以及NaOH中浸泡100 d的腐蚀行为。结果表明,Ti_4AlN_3在HCl中主要表现为孔蚀和晶间腐蚀,且在浓HCl中的失重要大于稀HCl;由失重曲线可见Ti_4AlN_2在浓HNO_3中失重最大,为11.73 mg/cm~2,由腐蚀面SEM照片可见较严重的全面腐蚀和剥蚀,XRD图谱显示一部分Ti_4AlN_3由于失去Al层从而转变为在酸碱中更为稳定的TiN。在酸溶液中,Ti_4AlN_3晶体的Ti-Al,Ti-Ti和Al-Al键发生断裂,Ti,Al原子溶解在溶液中。Ti_4AlN_3在NaOH中几乎没有失重,表现出良好的耐碱性能。     

In-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates

A simple and feasible method was developed to fabricate in-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite(GO-PVA) coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates.Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an in-situ reductant to transform GO into reduced GO.Contiguous and uniform GO-PVA coatings were prepared on magnesium substrates by dip-coating method,and were further thermally treated at 120 ℃ under ambient condition to obtain in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings.Owing to the reducing effect of PVA.thermal treatment at low temperature led to effective in-situ reduction of GO as confirmed by XRD,Raman,FTIR and XPS tests.The corrosion current density of magnesium substrates in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution could be lowered to its 1/25 when using in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings as protective layers.     

Corrosion resistance of carbon ion-implanted M50NiL aerospace bearing steel

The effect of carbon implantation on the corrosion behavior of M50NiL aerospace bearing steel through surface modification was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the composition and structure of the carbon-implanted layer. The corrosion properties of the untreated and carbon ion-implanted samples were evaluated by potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which were carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution. Ion implantation of carbon in the M50NiL bearing steel yielded a distinct decrease of the corrosion current densities and an obvious increase of the polarization resistance. The experimental results indicated that the content of chromium oxide in the passive film increased with carbon implantation and that the intergranular corrosion was suppressed in the carbon-implanted sample. Better corrosion protection was observed in the carbon ion implantation sample.     

Application of mesoporous silica nanocontainers as an intelligent host of molybdate corrosion inhibitor embedded in the epoxy coated steel

In this study, mesoporous silica served as a host for corrosion inhibitor. This material could adsorb and release corrosion inhibitor in different aqueous media. However, the extent of corrosion inhibitor release in the alkaline media was higher. By dispersing 1 wt% mesoporous silica loaded with sodium molybdate in the epoxy layer, a protective composite coating was produced. The corrosion properties of the composite coatings were assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed higher corrosion resistance of epoxy/mesoporous silica loaded with inhibitor in the NaCl media for eight weeks of immersion in comparison with epoxy/mesoporous silica. Corrosion inhibitors released from nano-containers in the response to corrosion damage at the interface zone.     

钨酸根对不锈钢局部腐蚀的作用

采用模拟闭塞电池恒电流实验研究了304不锈钢在0.5(mol·L^-1)NaCl(pH=7)溶液中及添加不同浓度钨酸钠后局部腐蚀闭塞区内化学状态的变化。结果表明,主体溶液中添加一定浓度的WO₄^2-离子后,随着时间的延长,闭塞区的pH值下降明显减缓,Cl^-离子浓集倍数降低。WO₄^2-离子与Cl^-离子向闭塞区内竞争迁移。当添加的WO₄^2-离子浓度较低时,Cl^-离子的电迁移量仍然随时间的延长而增加;WO₄^2-离子浓度达到一定值后,WO₄^2-离子能有效地阻止Cl^-离子向闭塞区的迁移,钨酸根浓度越高效果越显著。闭塞区内WO₄^2-离子浓度随主体溶液中WO₄^2-离子浓度的增加而增大。对一定浓度WO₄^2-的主体溶液,WO₄^2-离子向闭塞区的迁移量随时间延长而增大,迁移速率则随时间的延长而降低。     

化学镀Ni-W-P三元合金的研究

研究了化学镀Ni-W-P三元合金溶液的组成及工艺条件对镀层沉积速度及耐蚀性的影响,通过四因子三水平的正交实验,确定了Ni-W-P合金的化学镀工艺.该工艺的沉积速度为2.29×10     

考虑端部效应的钢筋锈蚀自发漏磁检测试验与仿真

自发漏磁检测技术可以对钢筋锈蚀缺陷进行诊断,但是当锈蚀区域距离钢筋端部较接近时,该区域漏磁信号会受到端部退磁场信号的影响。针对端部效应较明显的钢筋进行加速锈蚀试验,采集钢筋空间自发漏磁信号,通过试验和COMSOL仿真分析,提出了基于切向磁感应强度梯度峰值间距的钢筋锈蚀宽度判别方法,构建了考虑端部效应的钢筋锈蚀度评价指标。结果表明:当提离高度为6 cm时锈蚀宽度判别方法的最小相对误差为4%,平均相对误差为27.9%;通过有限元仿真分析验证,该方法同样适用于锈蚀区域不对称时锈蚀宽度的判断;该钢筋锈蚀度评价指标能有效的排除磁参数差异造成的端部效应影响,且该指标数值出现异常下降时,表示钢筋的锈蚀程度已经处于严重阶段。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗冲击荷载数值模拟研究

为研究冲击作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的力学性能与破坏模态,通过混凝土梁冲击试验,校核了有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立的钢筋混凝土梁结构精细化有限元模型的冲击力时程曲线、跨中位移时程曲线和破坏模态的准确性。在已验证有限元模型的基础上,研究钢筋锈蚀率对混凝土梁抗冲击性能的影响。有限元分析表明：混凝土构件在冲击作用下导致的混凝土剥落程度随钢筋锈蚀率的增加而增加。各冲击高度下的锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁均表现出弯曲破坏特征。钢筋锈蚀对钢筋混凝土构件的抗冲击性能具有一定的影响,在相同落锤冲击高度下,冲击力峰值随钢筋锈蚀率的增大逐渐减小,跨中位移随钢筋锈蚀率的增大而增大。当冲击高度为3.0 m时,锈蚀率为30.0%时的冲击力峰值降低到未锈蚀时的17.9%,跨中位移为增加到未锈蚀时的33.3%。     

Engineering acid dew temperature: the limitation for flue gas heat recovery

In order to study how deep we can reduce the temperature of exhaust flue gas, an experiment focusing on the combined influence of ash deposition and acid condensation on the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger was carried out in a 300-MW boiler unit. An annular tube was inserted into the flue gas duct between the air preheater and the electrostatic precipitator. The water with given temperature firstly entered the inner tube and then flowed into the outer tube at the end of the inner tube. It is found that heat transfer performance drops sharply at fixed temperature range under given coal quality. The turning temperature is defined as the engineering acid dew temperature （EADT）. When the inlet water temperature is under the EADT, ash sticks to the tube and is difficult to blow off, and thus the flow resistance rises. Furthermore, the corrosion can be observed obviously. From the point of economy and reliability, EADT is the limitation for flue gas heat recovery. The EADT is at least 30 ℃ lower than ADT calculated by traditional empirical and theoretical equations.     

高温及等离子体环境下液态锡与钨筛网的相容性研究

本文利用真空管式炉和四川大学直线等离子体与材料表面相互作用平台（SCU-PSI）, 探究了静态高温以及高密度氢等离子体环境下液态锡（Sn）对钨基多孔筛网结构（CPS）的润湿及腐蚀行为. 实验结果发现,在静态高温环境下液态Sn润湿钨筛网（4层150目）的阈值温度为950 ℃,且随着实验温度升高,润湿效果越好. 当实验温度达到1050 ℃时,在钨筛网表面观察到大量SnO2棒状结构. 这种棒状结构可能是由于管式炉中存在少量的氧气,在高温作用下Sn和氧气发生反应生成SnO2纳米晶. 当液态Sn-CPS结构进一步被离子通量为7.71×1022 m-2*s-1和热负荷为54.55 kW*m-2 的氢等离子体辐照时,钨筛网出现大面积断裂,形成丝状结构;而在没有液态Sn润湿的情况下,钨筛网表面没有出现类似损伤. 这可能是在高密度氢等离子体辐照作用下,氢等离子体与SnO2的协同作用加剧了钨筛网的损伤,造成了钨丝硬化断裂. 本文的实验结果为未来液态Sn-CPS在聚变装置中的实际应用提供了一定的参考.