舱底液压蝶阀密封优选与应用

本文针对舱底液压蝶阀容易泄漏、洗舱更换阀门作业困难等难题,在阐述液压蝶阀工作的液压原理和密封件的受力机理基础上,通过对故障液压蝶阀执行机构的拆检,分析执行机构密封失效的原因,提出选用聚四氟乙烯加石墨和青铜密等材质做密封件的方法,以提高密封材料的耐高温、耐腐蚀和抗老化性能,从而延长液压蝶阀维修周期.通过油田现场的应用证明,该新型密封件在耐腐蚀和抗老化方面都比原有密封圈有较大幅度提高.     

Role of surfactants on particle deposition,wear, and corrosion behavior of TaC particle incorporated electroless nickel-phosphorus coating

The coatings prepared by incorporating submicron-sized TaC particles while depositing Ni and P atoms on the steel substrate via electroless method showed mixed results of surface finishing, microstructural properties, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion behavior with the addition of various surfactants during the coating process. The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) enhanced the microhardness when added during the coating process of Ni–P–TaC composite, whereas the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) lowered the microhardness as compared to the surfactant-free coating. Moreover, the TaC particle incorporation was hindered by the surfactants CTAB and Triton X-100. An excellent wear resistance behavior has been observed in the surfactant-free Ni–P–TaC coating in comparison to particle-free Ni–P coating. The Ni–P–TaC coatings showed the dependency of wear behavior on the material properties of the counter sliding surface although this dependency has not been observed in Ni–P coatings. The wear damage in Ni–P coating is immense irrespective of the properties of counter-sliding materials. Various surfactant-used Ni–P–TaC coating surfaces deteriorated much more due to corrosion than surfactant-free Ni–P–TaC coating. Among the various surfactants, the CTAB used Ni–P–TaC coating showed weak corrosion resistance.     

低温腐蚀及防护

阐述了低温腐蚀的危害性,低温腐蚀的机理低温腐蚀的影响因素,以及露点的计算和腐蚀规律,并且提出了防止发生和减少低温腐蚀的具体措施。     

银饰表面氧化铝保护膜的性能研究

为了提高银饰的抗变色能力,采用大腔体原子层沉积设备,以Al₂O₃作为保护膜进行银饰的批量处理。通过在腔体内加入匀气装置,改善了腔体内膜层厚度的均匀性;通过工艺参数的改进,改善了薄膜的表面形貌。实验表明,用洗银水处理后的银饰直接进行处理,银饰表面会变黑;X射线衍射测试表明基底温度为150℃时,获得的薄膜为无定型结构;扫描电镜测试表明薄膜表面致密、均匀;腐蚀试验表明Al₂O₃膜层厚度为30 nm时,有良好的抗变色效果;光谱测试表明,镀膜后银饰的平均反射率略高于未镀膜银饰的平均反射率,镀膜后对银饰的外观基本无影响。     

Effect of pickling processes on the microstructure and properties of electroless Ni–P coating on Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloy

The electroless plating Ni–P is prepared on the surface of Mg–7.5Li–2Zn–1Y alloys with different pickling processes.The microstructure and properties of Ni–P coating are investigated.The results show that the Ni–P coatings deposited using the different pickling processes have a different high phosphorus content amorphous Ni–P solid solution structure,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit higher hardness.There is higher phosphorus content of Ni–P amorphous coating using 125 g/L Cr O3and 110 ml/L HNO3(w68%)than using 180 g/L Cr O3and 1 g/L KF during pre-treatment,and the coating structure is more compact,and the Ni–P coatings exhibit more excellent adhesion with substrate(Fcup to22 N).The corrosion potential of Ni–P coating is improved and exhibits good corrosion resistance.As a result,Mg-7.5Li-2Zn-1Y alloy is remarkably protected by the Ni–P coating.     

乙二胺四甲叉膦酸的合成及应用研究

本文介绍了乙二胺四甲叉膦酸ＥＤＴＭＰ（Ｓ）的合成工艺及操作条件。以ＥＤＴＭＰ（Ｓ）为主要原料复配的ＧＫ—１０２水处理剂应用表明,ＥＤＴＭＰ（Ｓ）是一种优良的阻垢缓蚀剂。     

降低纯碱铁分的实践方法

传统降低纯碱铁分的方法是通过添加硫化钠和氯化镁,但此方法对纯碱生产会造成以下的负面影响：堵塞炉气系统、出现灰碱、影响重灰生产。根据生产实践,提出降低纯碱铁分新的方法：使用非金属及耐腐蚀金属材料、提高中和水浓度、合理的清洗制碱周期和稳定生产工况,通过减少硫化钠用量,达到延长煅烧炉运行周期,降低生产成本的目的。     

咪唑啉两性Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以油酸、三乙烯四胺为原料,首先采用溶剂法、阶梯式分步脱水环化合成咪唑啉中间体;用咪唑啉中间体与氯乙酸钠进行季铵化合成咪唑啉两性Gemini表面活性剂.通过IR表征其结构,并对其表面性能及缓蚀性能等作了初步的研究.结果表明,咪唑啉两性Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为7.5×10-5mol/L,其表面张力和乳化性能比柠檬酸酯略差,但润湿性和发泡性较好;具有一定的缓蚀性能,缓蚀率可达到75%以上.     

氯离子侵蚀环境下的RC梁退化概率模型

基于现有规范的抗力计算公式,采用Monte Carlo数值模拟方法建立了由氯离子侵蚀引起的钢筋锈蚀下的RC梁抗力时变退化概率模型.模型考虑了混凝土、箍筋、斜筋和主筋对结构抗力的贡献,以及钢筋锈蚀过程对结构性能的影响,其对分析和评定服役混凝土结构的可靠性提供了一定借鉴意义.研究表明：保护层厚度对钢筋锈蚀初始时间影响显著,构件在65年以前受剪抗力退化更快,而在65年之后受弯抗力退化更快.     

化学镀Ni—P合金中复合稳定剂的优化研究

在合理选择化学镀Ni—P合金配方和工艺条件的前提下,采用正交试验研究了稳定剂KI、pb（Ac）2和Na2S2O3复合使周时对化学镀Ni—P合金镀液稳定性、镀速以及镀层硬度、孔隙率、耐蚀性等性能的影响变化规律。结果表明．各稳定剂之间有的相互促进,有的则相互削弱对方的作用。复合稳定剂对化学镀Ni—P合金综合性能的提高程度明显优于单稳定剂,最佳匹配的复合稳定剂KI与Pb（Ac）2的质量浓度分别为8mg／L和1．5mg／L。