样品预处理方法对虫草头孢菌粉中腺苷含量测定的影响

为了建立一种利用RP-HPLC法精确测定虫草头孢菌粉中腺苷含量的方法,实验在现有色谱条件的基础上优化了流动相条件,通过研究提取溶剂、时间、温度对腺苷提取效果的影响,比较超声波提取和加热回流提取的效果,以此探索虫草菌粉中腺苷测定时样品预处理的方法.结果表明,色谱条件为DiamonsilTMC18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm)、流动相乙腈-水(9∶91)、紫外检测波长260 nm时,能够将虫草菌粉中的腺苷和其他成分分开;腺苷质量分数在0.097~0.582 mg.mL-1范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系;平均加样回收率为101.1%;RSD为2.20%.样品预处理方法以在室温下用体积分数50%的甲醇超声波提取60 min为最好,该方法所需时间短,操作简单.     

蚕蛹虫草人工培育及药理作用研究进展

蚕蛹虫草(silkwormCordyceps m ilitaris)具有重要的药用价值和广阔的开发前景,本文概述了蚕蛹虫草的人工培育和药理作用的研究进展,为蚕蛹虫草的规模生产和深入研究奠定基础。     

毛细管区带电泳测定人工冬虫夏草菌丝中的有效成分

建立了毛细管区带电泳测定人工冬虫夏草菌丝中有效成分腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷的分析方法.采用15 mmol/L硼砂+14 mmol/L 磷酸二氢钠+体积分数5%甲醇(pH=9.50)作为缓冲体系,在电压为18 kV和检测波长为254 nm的条件下,人工冬虫夏草菌丝提取液中的有效成分实现了基线分离.定量分析表明,各有效成分的峰面积与质量浓度呈较好的线性关系(r≥ 0.998 5 ).此外,本实验还讨论了缓冲溶液的pH值、浓度及有机改性剂对有效成分迁移行为的影响.     

虫草中两种核苷类活性成分的毛细管电泳研究

虫草素和腺苷是虫草属药用真菌的主要核苷类活性成分，以往多用薄层扫描和高压液相法进行分离。本文建立了毛细管区带电泳分离测定虫草素和腺苷的分析方法，并测定了四种不同的虫草中虫草素和腺苷的含量及不同提取时间对虫草素和腺苷含量的影响。首次报道了九州虫草中虫草素的存在。采用0.025mol/L的硼砂（pH9.4）作为缓冲液，在电压为20kV和检测波长为258nm的条件下，4种虫草水提液是的虫草素和腺苷获得了基线分离，并具有良好的精密度和重现性。同时发现蒙山九州虫草中虫草素的含量甚高，具有良好的药用前景。     

蒙药角蒿中微量元素的含量分析

用微波消解、原子吸收光谱法测定了蒙药角蒿中Cu、Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、Pb、Cd8种微量元素的含量、结果表明,一些人体必需的微量元素含量比较高,与其药理作用相一致.微量元素在其治疗疾病的过程中起了积极的作用.     

Phylogenetic relationships of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome b sequences

This study used the sequence of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b(Cytb)to estimate phylogenetic relationships among host Hepialidae insects of Cordyceps sinensis.Genome DNA of host insect was extracted from the dead larva head part of 18 cordyceps populations and 2 species of Hepialus,and the Cytb fragment of host insect was amplified with PCR technique.The nucleotide sequence alignments and their homologous sequences of 24 species host Hepialidae insects of Cordyceps sinensis were obtained from GenBank and were used to construct phylogenetic trees based on neighbor-joining method.The results showed that genus Bipectilus diverged earlier than genus Hepialus and Hepialiscus.Hepialus host insects of Cordyceps sinensis have multitudinous species with different morphological characteristics and geographical distributions.The interspecific genetic differentiations are obvious in Hepialus.Thus,the genus Hepialus might be considered as polyphyletic origin.Cytb sequences have abundant variations among the host insects of Cordyceps sinensis on spe- cific and generic level.The divergence rate of Cytb sequences among the species in Hepialus ranged from 0.23% to 9.24%,except that Hepialus pratensis and Hepialus jinshaensis have the same sequence.Cytb sequence can be used for species identification of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis,but further confirmation in more host insect species is needed.To obtain the Cytb sequence of host insect by ampli- fying DNA extracted from the head part of dead larva in cordyceps turns out to be an effective and accurate approach,which will be useful for studies on phylogeny and genetic structure of host insects of cordyceps populations,especially for analyzing relationships between C. sinensis and its host insects.     

Larval release rhythms of four species (family Grapsidae and Ocypodidae) of intertidal crabs on a coastal flat in western central Taiwan

Larval release rhythms of four crab species, Parasesarma tripectinis (Shen, 1940), Perisesarma bidens (De Haan, 1835), Hemigrapsus penicillatus (De Haan, 1835) and Baruna sinensis Tan and Huang, 1995, were studied in two different intertidal zones on a coastal flat. Of these, P. bidens is the only species that migrates between high and lower intertidal zones. In general, larval release patterns of these intertidal crabs are not too different from those of intertidal crabs living in other geographical regions, which often release larvae around new or full moons and nocturnal high tides. However, differences were apparent when compared with previous studies in that: (1) peak larval release periods of P. bidens occurred during submaximum tidal amplitudes, (2) a good portion of B. sinensis released their larvae during neap tides, (3) all four species released their larvae during both daytime and nighttime high tides although the percentage varied among these species, (4) three species released their larvae within 1 h after the time of high slack tide, but larval release of B. sinensis peaked between 1 and 2h after the time of maximum tidal height. Larval release pattern of Perisesarma bidens suggests that locomotory behaviour of high intertidal crabs may influence their larval release rhythms. Antipredatory adaptation may explain larval release rhythms of the four species examined in the present study. Larvae of Parasesarma tripectinis, P. bidens and Hemigrapsus penicillatus are more vulnerable to planktivorous fish predation and tend to release their larvae at nocturnal high tides during maximum tidal amplitudes. On the other hand, larvae of Baruna sinensis may be better adapted against planktivorous fish predation by having yellow-green colour. The timing of larval release of this species occurred throughout the lunar cycle and often at daytime 1-2 h after the time of high slack tide.     

初孵扬子鳄脑垂体P物质的免疫组织化学研究

用免疫组织化学方法观察了P物质在初孵扬子鳄脑垂体的分布特点.P物质阳性细胞分布于初孵扬子鳄脑垂体内侧腺垂体部,阳性纤维分布于初孵扬子鳄脑垂体外侧的神经部.结果表明P物质可能对垂体内分泌细胞有调节作用.     

古尼虫草液体深层发酵条件的研究

对古尼虫草菌丝体液体深层发酵培养条件进行了研究，确定了以马铃薯20％，蛋白胨1％，葡萄糖2％．硫酸镁0．1％，磷酸二氢钾0．05％和0．1％为最佳发酵培养基．种子摇床培养条件为：温度25～26℃，转速150r／min，pH6．5，摇床振荡培养120h，20L发酵罐中最佳发酵周期为66h。     

微型温棚生态混养鳖对水体的影响

通过泥鳅、豆瓣菜的四种结合模式对鳖池中红虫密度、透明度、铵态氮及溶氧进行监测[1],结果表明:种养结合模式完全能延缓水体老化.