Making the abstract concrete: The role of norms and values in experimental modeling

Experimental modeling is the construction of theoretical models hand in hand with experimental activity. As explained in Section 1, experimental modeling starts with claims about phenomena that use abstract concepts, concepts whose conditions of realization are not yet specified; and it ends with a concrete model of the phenomenon, a model that can be tested against data. This paper argues that this process from abstract concepts to concrete models involves judgments of relevance, which are irreducibly normative. In Section 2, we show, on the basis of several case studies, how these judgments contribute to the determination of the conditions of realization of the abstract concepts and, at the same time, of the quantities that characterize the phenomenon under study. Then, in Section 3, we compare this view on modeling with other approaches that also have acknowledged the role of relevance judgments in science. To conclude, in Section 4, we discuss the possibility of a plurality of relevance judgments and introduce a distinction between locally and generally relevant factors.     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

The landing zone – Ground for model transfer in chemistry

This essay proposes a new notion - the landing zone - in order to identify conceptual features that allow modelers to transfer mathematical tools across disciplinary borders. This discussion refers to the transferable models as ‘templates’. Templates are functions, equations, or computational methods that are capable of being generalized from a particular subject matter. There are formal and conceptual prerequisites for the transfer of a template to a new domain. A landing zone is an ontology that contributes to the satisfaction of these conditions for successful transfer. This paper presents a case study on a model in chemistry - the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) - that makes use of transferred templates from physics - the virial theorem and the wave function. The landing zone in this case is a new ontological notion, that of the topological atom, which prepares ground for the use of the virial theorem and the wave function in chemistry. The virial theorem requires that there exists in-principle stability to the system that it represents, and the wave function requires transformation in its representation that is justified. The ontology of QTAIM - the landing zone for these templates - grounds the scientific use of these templates in the context of chemistry.     

改进的三维模型检索PCA预处理算法

三维模型检索PCA预处理的主轴不确定性和主轴方向不确定性是影响检索结果的直接因素.经过分析PCA基本原理,在K-L变换所得特征值的基础上,引入表面网格信息权重,将权重和特征向量的乘积用于确定主轴,并利用多重权重来确定主轴方向,从而削弱不确定性.实验表明,经改进提高了坐标轴归一化的一致性.     

一类模型模糊系统的模型参考自适应控制

针对一类模型可用一组模糊规则来描述的系统,提出了一种模型参考自适应控制律。根据 Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ理论证明了闭环系统是稳定收敛的。仿真例子证实了该方法的有效性。     

模型算法控制器降阶方法的研究

使用模型算法控制理论设计的控制器,阶数较高,不利于工程实现和参数调整.针对这个问题,通过非参数模型和参数模型的转换对其进行降阶优化,调整闭环系统新极点的位置,可以获得动态特性和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于DLENN模型的沈阳地区PM2.5浓度预测

受到重工业发展规模、北温带季风气候、秋冬季燃煤取暖、机动车拥堵状况以及微观气象条件等各种因素影响,沈阳地区PM2.5浓度变化具有趋势性、周期性及随机性特征.针对上述三种特征,论文构建了一种集成双向长短期记忆网络的神经网络预测模型DLENN(Double-LSTM Ensemble Neural Network),内含的...     

基于ASP．NET的稿件管理系统的设计与实现

本文基于ASP．NET三层架构技术，提出并实现了稿件的整体管理解决方案，并着重研究了稿件管理系统中稿件的查询和稿件处理单报表下载等关键技术。     

地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力研究——基于“钻石模型”

核心竞争力无论对于企业还是高等院校都是重要的。地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力是其形成独特个性和持续获得竞争优势的能力,具有扩展性、核心性、独特性和动态性特征。文章借助钻石模型对地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力的构成要素进行分析,并提出构建地方本科院校音乐系核心竞争力的建议。     

模型势MCP应用于分子间相互作用的研究

使用模型势MCP计算了含重元素的氢键和vail der Waals相互作用体系的几何结构与结合能。结果表明，在MP2水平，应用MCP基组研究分子间相互作用时，可以使用Boys和Bernardi提出的均衡校正法进行基函数重叠误差（BSSE）校正；与同一水平的全电子基组相比，经BSSE校正后的结合能AEcP平均相对误差为5．2％，结果准确，但是BSSE普遍较大；使用MCP基组的计算时间远小于全电子基组，MCP方法的效率随原子的电子层数增加而提高。