Different effects of substrates on the morphologies of single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this work, different effects of substrates on the morphologies of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） are studied. SWNTs were produced by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition using CH4 as carbon source gas and Ar as carrier gas. Then the SWNTs were deposited on lithography-patterned different substrates. The as-grown SWNTs at the boundaries between SiO2 and metal were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is found that SWNTs deposited on low-conductivity substrates trend to have curved morphologies and some of them form rings, while SWNTs deposited on metal sub- strates remain straight and orientated. The mechanism of these effects was also discussed, which is closely related to the thermal conductivities and the principle of energy dissipation.     

Microelectronics-embedded channel bridging and signal regeneration of injured spinal cords

Due to the difficulty in spinal cord regeneration with biological methods, the microelectronic neural bridge, a new concept based on microelectronic technology, is presented. The microelectronic system has been realized in the forms of hybrid and integrated circuits. The integrated circuits for neural signal detection, stimulation, and regeneration are realized in a CMOS process. In animal experiments with 100 toads, 48 rats, and 3 rabbits, nerve signals have been successfully detected from spinal cords and sciatic nerves, and functional electrical stimulation has been carried out for spinal cords and sciatic nerves. When the microelectronic system is bridged between the controlling and stimulated nerve, the relevant motion of legs and nerve signal waveforms, which are stimulated by the evoked or spontaneous nerve signal through such a system, have been observed. Therefore, the feasibility of the presented method was demonstrated.     

硫辅助填充高压Fe5C2/Fe7C3单晶相的碳纳米管研究

硫可以用作生长促进剂制备具有不同形态的碳纳米结构, 例如: Y型和海胆状结构, 单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs), 双壁碳纳米管薄膜等. 此外, 研究表明低浓度的硫和低气体流量可实现碳纳米管中高压Fe7C3和Fe5C2相晶体的填充. 然而, 碳纳米管中高压相的填充条件以及连续垂直取向的碳纳米管薄膜的合成和形貌控制的条件尚需进一步研究. 本文采用化学气相沉积(CVD),使用硫和二茂铁的混合物作为生长促进剂和碳源, 在氩(Ar)气环境中将Si/SiO2基底作为局部生长区域, 实现了在碳纳米管内填充碳化铁相, 并通过对所得碳结构进行详细表征, 揭示填充的碳化物相(Fe5C2和Fe7C3)之间可能存在结合, 这些结果在磁数据存储方面将有潜在应用.     

干湿交替对砂岩断裂特性影响试验研究

周期性的水岩相互作用对岩石的物理力学性能有较大的影响,被认为是影响岩土工程安全稳定性的重要因素之一。以典型的均质青砂岩为试验对象,利用中心裂纹圆盘试件开展了砂岩I~II复合型断裂试验,研究了干湿交替作用对砂岩I~II复合型断裂特性的影响;通过观测干湿交替后砂岩微观结构的变化特征,探讨了干湿交替作用的劣化机理;并结合复合型断裂则对试验结果进行了有效评估。研究表明,砂岩的纯I型,纯II型以及I~II复合型断裂韧度均随着干湿交替次数的增加而逐渐减小;其劣化趋势基本一致,但劣化程度略有不同。当加载角较大或II型分量主导时,干湿交替作用对砂岩断裂韧度的劣化影响更为显著。考虑了T应力影响的广义最大周向应变准则和广义最大周向应力准则都能对试验结果进行很好的预测。在纯II型时,基于广义最大周向应变准则的理论预测值比基于广义最大周向应力准则的理论值更接近试验值。     

碳纳米管复合材料的有效热导率

考虑到碳纳米管的空间取向分布特征,建立了碳纳米管复合材料的有效热导率模型。根据Maxwell理论,推导出了计算碳纳米管复合材料有效热导率的简单公式。应用实例表明,该模型能够很好地解释在碳纳米管纳米流体中观察到的热导率异常增加现象,还可以用来分析纳米管复合材料的渗流性质,而且理论计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

基于遗传算法的均匀圆阵宽频段二维WSF算法

基于多圈均匀圆阵 (UCA)构造了二维加权子空间拟合 (WSF)算法的代价函数 ,用遗传算法进行了优化 ,从而得到了对宽频段内多个独立源或相干源的高精度、高分辨率和强鲁棒性的二维波达方向估计 (DOA)。计算机仿真表明了该算法的有效性。     

二维Josephson结阵列超导的涡旋Nernst效应

借助于与时间相关的Gintzburg-Landau动力学,数值计算了二维Josephson结阵列的Nernst信号,获得了Nemst信号随温度及磁场变化的规律．在超导转变温度以上发现了较大的Nernst信号．而对于固定的温度而言,Nernst信号则随外加磁场的升高呈现出非单调变化的行为．本研究获得的数值模拟结果与一些铜氧化物高温超导体的实验结果在定性上吻合．     

金纳米粒子二维有序阵列的构筑和电化学性质

在水溶液中用柠檬酸钾还原氯金酸的方法合成了粒径为30～40nm的金纳米粒子,并用透射电镜和紫外可见光谱进行了表征;然后在表面经PVP修饰的导电玻璃上以自组装的方式构筑了金纳米粒子的二维有序阵列,并用扫描电镜和紫外可见光谱进行了表征;以所制备的金纳米粒子二维有序阵列作为电极,对硝基苯酚的电化学响应得到明显提高,金纳米有序阵列电极有望成为检测废水中对硝基苯酚的电化学传感器.     

集中荷载下碳纳米管的弯曲及其分子动力学模拟

利用圆柱壳半无矩理论研究了悬臂碳纳米管在集中荷载作用下的弯曲问题,得到了该问题的内力解和位移解,并通过分子动力学模拟验证了理论解的适用性.研究结果表明,当锯齿型碳纳米管长径比为5.2～12.0、扶手椅型碳纳米管长径比为5.5～18.0时,理论解与分子动力学模拟结果较为吻合.     

含缺陷双层碳纳米管轴压屈曲的分子动力学模拟

为充分了解双层碳纳米管的力学性能,采用分子动力学模拟方法对双层碳纳米管的轴压屈曲变形进行了研究,针对双层碳纳米管的内、外管均为完善管或外管为完善管而内管存在不同缺陷的情况,着重分析对比了内、外管的单壁承载性能及变形特性.结果表明两支单层碳纳米管嵌套形成双层碳纳米管后,无论内管是否存在缺陷,内、外管的单管承载能力均大幅提高,且当内管单独受压产生屈曲变形时,双层碳纳米管的内、外层管变形并不协调.