Synthetic and biological studies on a cyclopolypeptide of plant origin

Objective： A natural cyclic peptide previously isolated from Citrus medica was synthesized by coupling of tetrapeptide units Boc-Leu-Pro-Trp-Leu-OMe and Boc-Ile-Ala-Ala-Gly-OMe after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals followed by cyclization of linear octapeptide segment. Methods： Solution phase technique was adopted for the synthesis of cyclooctapeptide-sarcodactylamide. Required tetrapeptide units were prepared by coupling of Boc-protected dipeptides viz. Boc-Leu-Pro-OH and Boc-Ile-Ala-OH with respective dipeptide methyl esters Trp-Leu-OMe and Ala-Gly-OMe. Cyclization of linear octapeptide unit was done by p-nitrophenyl ester method. The structure of synthesized cyclopolypeptide was elucidated by FTIR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, FABMS spectral data and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized peptide was evaluated for dif- ferent pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Results： Synthesis of sarcodactylamide was accomplished with 〉78% yield utilizing dicyclohexylcarbodiimide （DCC） as coupling agent. Newly synthesized peptide possessed potent cytotoxic activity against Dalton＇s lymphoma ascites （DLA） and Ehrlich＇s ascites carcinoma （EAC） cell lines, in addition to moderate anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus sp. Moreover, cyclopolypeptide displayed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in comparison to standard drugs griseofulvin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion： Solution phase technique employing DCC and triethylamine （TEA） as base proved to be effective for the synthesis of natural cyclooctapeptide. N-methyl morpholine （NMM） was found to be a better base for the cyclization of linear octapeptide unit in comparison to TEA and pyridine.     

新课程中化学教师教学行为的变化

从知识传授的角度和对学生关注的角度阐述了新课程中化学教师教学行为的变化.     

浅谈环境保护教育

文章阐述了环境保护的知识传授和技能培养,是动员全民参与保护和改进环境活动的重要举措。     

利用油母页岩生产高标号水泥试验及生产研究

以油母页岩为原料,结合抚顺大伙房水泥有限公司现有生产工艺条件,改进生料配料系统,研究用油母页岩配制的生料煅烧方法生产出高标号水泥,同时利用粉煤灰为活性掺合料.粉煤灰二次资源得到了利用,既降低了水泥成本,也减少了粉煤灰的污染,又改善了环境,发展了循环经济,实现了可持续发展.     

阿胶的香气活性物质分析

采用感官分析法构建了阿胶的风味轮廓图。为了深入挖掘阿胶的风味贡献成分,采用固相微萃取法(solid-phase micro-extraction, SPME)和溶剂辅助风味蒸发法(solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, SAFE)两种方法提取阿胶的挥发性物质。以此为基础,利用气相色谱-嗅闻(gas chromatography-olfactometry, GC-O)联用仪和香气活度值(odor activity value, OAV)共同确定其香气活性物质。结果表明,阿胶的风味轮廓主要由阿胶腥味、焦煳味和肉味为主,两种提取方法分别检出44种和52种挥发性物质,SAFE法对阿胶的萃取效果较好。其中,经SPME法共检出香气活性物质34种,GC-O法和OAV法分别检出香气活性物质23种和24种；经SAFE法共检出香气活性物质41种,GC-O法和OAV法分别检出香气活性物质29种和26种。阿胶的关键性香气物质为己醛、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、二甲基三硫醚、糠醇、苯乙醇、丁酸、4-甲基戊酸、异戊酸、己酸、辛酸、壬酸和γ-壬内酯,可见,吡嗪类、酸类和含硫化合物是构成阿胶风味轮廓的重要组成。     

脊椎动物β-防御素的研究进展

防御素是近年来发现的广泛存在于动植物体内的一类富含精氨酸和半胱氨酸残基的阳离子抗菌肽。脊椎动物的防御素分为α-防御素、β-防御素和θ-防御素3种,其中β-防御素分布区域最为广泛,在脊椎动物的呼吸道、消化道及泌尿生殖道粘膜层有大量表达。其在机体受到感染的早期抑制、抵御和杀灭多种外来病原微生物等方面发挥着不可取代的作用。综述了国内外β-防御素的研究现状,从其蛋白质分子结构、基因的结构及表达调控、抗微生物活性及作用机制、与炎症反应的关系以及作为效应分子和调节分子等角度入手,探讨了脊椎动物β-防御素在免疫应答中的重要作用,并提出了它的应用前景和存在的问题。     

浅析我国公共图书馆的免费开放工作

分析了免费开放以来我国公共图书馆取得的成绩和存在的问题,从保障图书馆经费、提高馆员素质和开展延伸服务等方面,提出了进一步推进公共图书馆免费开放的对策建议。     

Optimal Concurrent Control of Database System

1　 IntroductionDatabase is a shared resource which may be used by several user programs with serialway.However,there can only be a user program running at any time and the other userprograms can notrun until the user program ends running.If there are a lot of input andoutput data in the user program,the database will be setaside under mostcircumstances.In order to make the best of database resources,it should be permitted that several userprograms access database in parallel way at the same t…