真空蒸馏技术提取土壤水实验研究

简要介绍共沸蒸馏、真空蒸馏、离心分离、锌的微量蒸馏4种土壤水提取技术,并对其优缺点进行了比较.对黏土含量较高且达到田间持水量的土壤在提取温度为100℃、连续加热5h条件下,真空蒸馏提取土壤水进行氢氧稳定同位素分析.结果表明:真空蒸馏技术在提取温度为100℃和连续加热5h条件下,土壤水提取百分比接近100%;土壤中有部分弱束缚水被提取出来,约占提取水分的0.45%;对土壤含水量较高的黏土,δ(D)和δ(18O)最大提取误差(提取的土壤水与加入水同位素的差值)分别为-1.2%和-0.07%,提取的土壤水同位素都贫化.     

Equilibrium geometric structure and electronic properties of Cl and H2O co-adsorption on Fe (100) surface

Based on the first principles density functional theory, the equilibrium geometric structure and surface electronic properties of Cl and H₂O co-adsorption on the Fe (100) surface are investigated. The results indicate that the optimal adsorption site for Cl and H₂O co-adsorption on the Fe (100) surface is the location of Cl at the bridge site and H₂O at the top site. Compared with the Fe (100)/H₂O adsorption system, remarkable changes in geometric structure and electronic properties occur, owing to the presence of Cl in the Fe (100)/(H₂O+Cl) adsorption system. The analysis of equilibrium geometric structure and surface electronic properties shows that the presence of Cl in the Fe (100)/(H₂O+Cl) adsorption system unstablizes the Fe surface, making it easy to lose electrons. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50675112, 50721004) and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20070003103)     

含有大的吸电子取代基化合物GeR_2Cl_2(R=Ar,Ar′和Ar″)的合成、晶体结构与~(19)F NMR

GeCl4与ArLi和Ar′Li(Ar″Li与Ar′Li 1∶1的混合物)反应生成化合物GeAr2Cl2,GeArCl3和GeAr″2Cl2,测定了GeAr2Cl2和GeAr″2Cl2的晶体结构,并进行了19F NMR表征.     

Origin of ore-forming fluid in the Piaotang tungsten deposit in Jiangxi Province: Evidence from helium and argon isotopes

The Piaotang tungsten deposit in Jiangxi Province is one of the most important tungsten deposits in the South China Tungsten Metallogenic Province.In this study,we selected wolframite and chalcopyrite from the main mineralizing stage of the Piaotang tungsten deposit,and analyzed the helium and argon isotopic compositions in fluid inclusions of these minerals.The results show a 3He/4He ratio of 0.17 to 0.86 R/Ra,which fall within the range between continental crust(0.01―0.05 R/Ra) and air-saturated water(1 R...     

四川盆地海相三叠纪硫同位素组成与地质成因分析

文章通过对四川盆地海相三叠纪蒸发岩硫同位素δ34S组成特征的对比分析,针对该区域三叠系δ34S具有异常高值并且呈现随时间由早到晚逐渐轻化的特点,结合其沉积地质背景、物化条件,特别是对复杂条件下同位素分馏、地质地球化学特征的研究,对硬石膏的δ34S异常高值和随蒸发而逐渐贫化的地质成因进行了探讨,旨在为重建古环境及地层的划分和对比提供重要依据。研究表明,硬石膏中δ34S异常高值的产生主要是处在封闭环境、硫酸盐细菌还原时的同位素分馏作用的结果。     

离子液体[Bmim]Cl对酿酒酵母AY92022生长的影响

考察了不同浓度的离子液体对酿酒酵母AY92022（Saccharomyces cerevisiae AY92022）生长的影响,以在不合氯化1-丁基,3甲基咪唑的土豆培养基中生长的酿酒酵母AY92022为对照组。结果发现,当[Bmim]Cl的浓度低于10^-6g／L时,酵母菌生长受到的影响较小。随着离子液体浓度的增大,酵母菌生长受到的影响逐步增大,当[Bmkn]Cl的浓度为10-^-3g／L时,其稳定生长期的菌体浓度为0．0101g／mL,为对照组的63．5％;葡萄糖浓度为1．59％时,为对照组的2．41倍;乙醇浓度为4．83g／L时,为对照组的61．4％。     

Re-visiting barium isotope compositions of mid-ocean ridge basalts and the implications

Barium (Ba) isotopes can be used as potential tracers for crustal material recycling in the mantle. Determination of the Ba isotope composition of the depleted mantle is essential for such applications. However, Ba isotope data for mantle-derived basalts are still rare. In this study, we reported high-precision Ba isotope data of 30 oceanic basalts including 25 mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from geochemically and geologically diverse mid-ocean ridge segments and five back-arc basin basalts. The δ138/134Ba values of these samples varied from ?0.06‰ to +0.11‰, with no systematic cross-region variation. Together with published data, we constrained the average δ138/134Ba of global MORBs to +0.05‰±0.09‰ (2 standard deviation, n = 51). Based on depleted MORBs that have (La/Sm)_N < 0.8, low 87Sr/86Sr (< 0.70263), and low Ba/Th < 71.3, we estimated the average δ138/134Ba of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) as + 0.05‰ ± 0.05‰ (2SD, n = 16) that is significantly lower than the DMM (≈ 0.14‰) reported previously. If a new estimation of the DMM is applied, it is unreasonable to infer that the Ba isotope signatures of the “enriched-type” MORBs (E-MORBs) could be attributed to pervasive sediment recycling in the upper mantle. We, therefore, conclude that the Ba isotope compositions of the E-MORBs could be sourced from the incorporation of subducted altered oceanic crust and/or sediments depending on the Ba isotope composition and other geochemical information of the local mantle.     

Constraining the Ediacaran oceanic dissolved organic carbon reservoir: Insights from carbon isotopic records from a drill core from South China

The evolution of the atmospheric oxygen content through Earth’s history is a key issue in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental research. There were at least two oxygenation events in the Precambrian that involved fundamental changes in both biotic innovation and the surface environment. However, a large dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool maintained in deep oceans during the Neoproterozoic may have extended the time interval between the two oxygenation events. To test the DOC hypothesis, we conducted detailed micro-drilled analyses of carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13C_carb) of a long Ediacaran drill core (the Wangji drill core), for which whole-rock δ13C_carb and organic carbon isotope (δ13C_org) records were available. The micro-drilled δ13C_carb values obtained in this study are consistent with whole-rock δ13C_carb results, precluding the influence of severe authigenic carbonate incorporation. Importantly, the multiple negative δ13C_carb excursions in the Wangji drill core were likely linked with upwelling events, during which DOC was supplied to the surface water and oxidized. Using box models, we estimate that ~3.6 × 1019 mol and ~2.0 × 1019 mol DOC were converted to bicarbonate during two negative δ13C_carb excursions spanning millions of years. The estimations are approximately 1000 times the modern marine DOC reservoir. Our results support a relatively high oxidation capacity (elevated atmospheric pO₂ and/or oceanic [begin{document}${rm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$end{document}]) of the Earth’s surface during the early Ediacaran Period.     

中钨矿离子交换结晶制备（NH4）10W12O41工艺研究

研究了从中钨矿压煮液,中用强碱性阴离子交换树脂除杂的最佳条件,并结晶制备高纯度仲钨酸铵（NH4）(10)W(12)O(41)。所得工艺条件为：料液PH10．44,最大穿漏交换容量W03190．83mg／g干树脂,交换PH10．38,水洗剂0．10mol／LNH4Cl,淋洗剂0．25mol／LNH4Cl-氨水。同时对钨的淋洗解吸效益进行了分析。