浅析钢桥梁安装方法

随着我国经济的快速发展,交通运输量的迅速增长,城市市政基础设施路桥工程建设规模越来越大。由于钢箱形梁制作、安装快速方便的特点,近年来钢结构桥梁工程越来越受到大家的重视,并逐步取代砼结构桥梁,引领桥梁建设新时代。在金融危机下,国家计划投入4万亿用于基础建设和拉动内需。中国的公路、铁路、城市轨道交通建设等迎来快速发展的黄金周期,我国的桥梁建设也将进入高速发展的最好时期。文章介绍了上海市浦东段市政工程钢结构桥梁的拼装、吊装、组装、焊接工程特点和难点,以及钢结构桥梁安装施工过程和施工人员如何成功的应对了钢结构方面的技术难题,同时在此过程中,创造了城市独有的高架桥钢结构组合吊装新工艺。     

旋转机械转子-机匣系统碰摩的随机响应

针对仅考虑具有质量偏心的旋转机械Jeffcott转子-机匣系统碰摩模型的动力学方程,进行了转子-机匣系统碰摩的随机响应研究·应用Kronecker代数、矩阵微分理论、向量值和矩阵值函数的二阶矩技术、矩阵摄动理论和概率统计方法系统地研究了转子-机匣系统碰摩的随机响应问题,推导出了一般的数学表达式,给出了数值分析解·分析了把转轴刚度和阻尼、定子刚度和阻尼、偏心距和定子径向刚度作为随机参数的随机系统的响应·分析表明,该转子系统在初始阶段振动强烈,响应幅值超过转子和定子之间的间隙,会发生碰摩现象·     

概率统计观念形成中的思维障碍分析

概率统计的研究对象是随机现象.概率统计思维的本质在于:对随机事件发生的频繁程度定量化,在不确定的情景中作出良好判断.正是其思维方法别具一格,学生理解概率显得很复杂、很困难.通过对具体概率统计问题常见错误的分析,发现概率统计观念形成中的思维障碍,提出概率统计教学中应关注的方面.     

大跨预应力混凝土箱梁桥收缩徐变效应

随着大跨预应力混凝土粱桥的迅速发展。桥梁收缩和徐变影响的分析和计算成为结构设计人员越来越关心的问题,因此徐变计算理论和方法得到了不断发展．综述了徐变的各种分析方法,采用积分退化核方法对大跨预应力混凝土连续刚构蟹进行了计算,得出了一些有意义的结论,可供桥梁设计参考．     

灰色广义Verhulst模型的构建及其应用

一般认为,灰色Verhulst模型(grey verhulst model,简称GVM)适用于具有单峰或饱和S形的序列.然而,在利用GVM建模时,模拟值有时会出现"漂移"现象,使得模型精度变差.针对这一问题,将常数项引入GVM模型,构建了灰色广义Verhulst模型(grey generalized verhulst model,简称GGVM),并在参数的不同分类下,借助灰色建模序列的非负性,完整地给出了灰色广义Verhulst模型的时间响应式及其还原值.将GGVM与GVM模型分别对四个单峰型序列建模,发现GGVM能有效地解决GVM模型模拟值出现的“漂移”现象.在实证部分,利用新模型对江苏省石油与天然气的基础储量进行建模分析,并与GVM模型、数据分组处理算法比较,验证了GGVM在模拟及预测时的优势.     

壅塞现象法测量气粉两相流音速

实验研究了在水平等截面管道中空气-树脂粉两相流的音速.基于壅塞现象原理,提出了一种测量气粉两相流音速的新方法.得到了空气-树脂粉两相流在不同固气比下质量流量和滞止压强的关系,从而确定了发生壅塞现象的临界压强,进一步得到了临界压强比和固气比的关系式.考虑两相流连续方程确定出两相流的实际表观音速,并且与两相平衡流理论计算所得的理论音速进行了比较,仅为其0.5~0.7倍.     

河南省地质现象的旅游资源化和效益化过程

地质旅游资源是一种新型的、合乎现代时尚的旅游资源.地质旅游资源的开发是一项系统工程.河南省具有十分丰富的地质现象,相应的也具有十分丰富的地质旅游资源.河南地质旅游资源的开发要完成两个转变:一是从地质现象转化为地质旅游资源——即资源化过程;二是把地质旅游资源转化为经济效益——即效益化过程.作者提出了资源化过程的原则和方法以及效益化过程的两步开发战略.     

Taming theory with thought experiments: Understanding and scientific progress

I claim that one way thought experiments contribute to scientific progress is by increasing scientific understanding. Understanding does not have a currently accepted characterization in the philosophical literature, but I argue that we already have ways to test for it. For instance, current pedagogical practice often requires that students demonstrate being in either or both of the following two states: 1) Having grasped the meaning of some relevant theory, concept, law or model, 2) Being able to apply that theory, concept, law or model fruitfully to new instances. Three thought experiments are presented which have been important historically in helping us pass these tests, and two others that cause us to fail. Then I use this operationalization of understanding to clarify the relationships between scientific thought experiments, the understanding they produce, and the progress they enable. I conclude that while no specific instance of understanding (thus conceived) is necessary for scientific progress, understanding in general is.     

基于可逆序视频的视频纹理合成方法的研究

视频纹理是一种介于图像和视频之间的媒体,它的合成主要是通过不断重复视频片断实现的。如何发掘和表现视频中的可重复片断是合成中的一个关键问题,本文研究了视频中的可逆序现象,并基于这种现象构造一种新的基于渐变的视频纹理合成方法。试验证明对于一些可逆序播放的视频,这种方法能够合成已有合成方法所不能合成的视频纹理。     

Packaging Radium,Selling Science: Boxes,Bottles and Other Mundane Things in the World of Science

This article discusses the intersection of science and culture in the marketplace and explores the ways in which radium quack and medicinal products were packaged and labelled in the early twentieth century US. Although there is an interesting growing body of literature by art historians on package design, historians of science and medicine have paid little to no attention to the ways scientific and medical objects that were turned into commodities were packaged and commercialized. Thinking about packages not as mere containers but as multifunctional tools adds to historical accounts of science as a sociocultural enterprise and reminds us that science has always been part of consumer culture. This paper suggests that far from being receptacles that preserve their content and facilitate their transportation, bottles and boxes that contained radium products functioned as commercial and epistemic devices. It was the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act that enforced such functions. Packages worked as commercial devices in the sense that they were used to boost sales. In addition, ‘epistemic’ points to the fact that the package is an artefact that ascribes meaning to and shapes its content while at the same time working as a device for distinguishing between patent and orthodox medicines.