Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau

Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden.     

藏药抱茎獐牙菜的胚胎学研究

抱茎獐牙菜（ＳｗｅｒｔｉａｆｒａｎｃｈｉｔｉａｎａＭａｘｉｍ．）花药４室,药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层异型起源,为非典型腺质型绒毡层;中层２层;花药壁表皮宿存,与药室内壁一起纤维状加厚．胞质分裂为同时型,四分体的排列方式为四面体型;成熟花粉为２细胞．子房２心皮,１室,８列胚珠,为侧膜胎座．薄珠心,单珠被,倒生胚珠．胚囊发育为蓼型．珠孔受精,受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子体融合类型．胚乳发育为核型．胚胎发育为茄型酸浆Ⅰ变型．反足细胞分裂为５～８个,宿存,每个细胞均多核和异常膨大,反足细胞形成的吸器明显,并在胚乳层之外形成染色深的类似“外胚乳”的结构．果实成熟时,种子只发育至球型胚早期阶段．反足细胞在龙胆科一些高山短命植物中的宿存与分裂具有重要的生殖适应与进化意义,这对于龙胆科一年生植物在青藏高原严酷的环境下,甚至在只有几周的生长季节内完成其生活史是十分重要的     

Discovery of eclogite at northern margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China

Eclogite was first discovered at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin in this study. It occurs as pods in the gneiss sequence of Middle to Upper Proterozoic age and is mainly composed of garnet, omphacite, phengite and rutile. The garnets contain 44%-62% of almandine, 15%-33% of grossular and 12%-30% of pyrope molecules, and the omphacites contain 40%-46% of jadeite. Applying garnet_clinopyroxene thermometry and jadeite geobarometry, the peak conditions of eclogite facies metamorphism occurred at about (722±123)℃ and at the pressure of up to c. 22 ×10 8 Pa.     

New evidence for the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau as a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China

Over 40 a observed temperature data in 172 stations in China and historical proxy data were analyzed. Evidence suggested that during 1980–1994, the warmest year appeared first in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (henceforth SETP) and then gradually spread northwards and eastwards to eastern China. The climatic change on century time scale in recent 600 a shows 3 relatively warm and clod stages in China. Each warm and cold stage appeared first in Tibet Plateau (henceforth TP) and then in the Qilian Mountains, then in the eastern parts of China. The warm and cold stages in TP were 10–60 a earlier than in the eastern China. The facts show that TP is a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China on the time scale shorter than 10³a.     

Chronology of environmental events over East Asia during the past 130 ka

In the transitional region between the Loess Plateau and deserts, 4 sections located respectively at Yuling, Hengshan, Dingbian and Huining of China are studied. The high-resolution paleoclimatic records obtained show that environmental events on varying time scales have happened over East Asia. These events are dated with the time scales established using the recently-developed approach of Automatic Orbital Tuning. This leads to the establishment of the chronology of the environmental events.     

用VB来开发辅助教学软件

本文首先介绍了基于中文Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５平台的最新版ＶｉｓｕａＬ Ｂａｓｉｃ５．０的特点,然后以纵横码辅助教学软件开发为便,阐述了用ＶＢ开发多媒体辅助教学软件的方法、步骤,并给出了开发过程中的关键技术。     

人工杉木林木材化学成分的变异规律

应用正交试验设计方法,系统分析了不同林龄,立地条件和林分密度下杉木人工林木材化学成分含量的变异规律。结果表明：影响人工杉木林木材化学成分含量的主导因子是林龄,其次是立地条件,林分密度影响最小。综合人工杉木林不同林龄,立地条件和林分上木材化学成分含量考虑,其纸浆材主伐年龄以１７－２３年左右较好。     

中国黄土区东亚古季风气候与冰期气候对比研究

研究了中国黄土区冰期气候与季风气候记录;进行了黄土磁化率与大洋δ１８Ｏ曲线对比,并且将黄土组合—古土壤组合与冰期－间冰期气候进行了比较。结果表明：黄土组合与古土壤组合记录了冰期气候与间冰期气候;中国黄土—古土壤堆积是全球冰期—间冰期气候变化与东亚古季风气候变化共同作用的结果。     

日中机器翻译中的可保留歧义关系

着重阐述了日中机器翻译中可保留歧义关系（ＲＳＡ）这一新概念及其处 理手法．所谓可保留歧义关系是指即使不消除原输入文中授受构造上的歧义 性也能生成反映原文意思的译文关系．具体而言,就是研究由并列助词［］、 连体助词［の］和名词构成的名词短语及由用言连体形构成的句子中授受构 造上的可保留歧义性;并在此基础上提出了一个新的翻译方法．从技术论文 的２ ９１９个句子中抽出了含有上述可保留歧义关系类型的句子８０６个进行了 翻译实验,正确率为９７．７％．从而确认了所提方法的有效性．