5—氨基四唑的合成

由氨基胍碳酸盐制备5—氨基四唑,在盐酸中使氨基胍碳酸盐重氮化.重氮盐用醋酸钠中和。加热。     

单元二相系中(αμ/αN)T,P究竟大于零还是等于零

本文论述了粒子数Ｎ对单元二相系（Ｔ，Ｐ，Ｎ）中化学势μ存在影响，以及如何理解单元二相系的平衡稳定性条件等问题．从而指出了一些作者在理解单元二相系平衡条件和平衡稳定性条件时的误解     

腔内非均匀增益对DF化学激光器本征模式特性的影响

通过对氟化氘(DF)化学激光器腔内气动流场的分析,建立了包括小信号增益系数分布和折射率起伏分布的非均匀增益分布模型,进而分析了化学激光器腔内非均匀增益分布对其模式特性的影响。采用增益介质多层分布法和Fox-Li迭代法,计算了具有非均匀增益分布的DF化学激光器有源腔本征模式分布,并利用功率谱密度(PSD)及 Zernike 像差系数对无源腔以及有源腔本征模式的相位特性进行了比较分析。研究结果表明：DF 化学激光器腔内非均匀增益特性会引起其本征模式分布不均匀性和波前相位高频比例的增加,进而导致激光器输出光束的光束质量明显下降。     

自旋梯状化合物Sr14(Cu1-xZnx)24O41的电输运及磁学性质

采用标准固相反应法制备了Sr14(Cu1-xZnx)24O41(x=0, 0. 01, 0. 02, 0. 03)系列多晶样品. X射线衍射谱表明所有样品均呈单相,且样品晶格常数大小随Zn掺杂量x的变化存在微弱波动. X射线光电子能谱表明Sr14Cu24O41中Cu离子以+2价形式存在,Zn掺杂对体系中Cu离子化合价不造成影响. 磁化率测量结果表明在10~300 K温度范围内Zn掺杂使体系磁化率降低,拟合结果表明随着Zn掺杂量x的增大,居里-外斯项对体系磁化率贡献逐渐减弱,二聚体耦合能JD 逐渐降低,每个分子中CuO2 自旋链内二聚体个数ND 与自由Cu2+离子自旋数NF 均逐渐减少,进一步分析显示替换二聚体内Cu2+离子的Zn2+离子数少于替换自由Cu2+离子的Zn2+离子数. 电阻率测量结果表明Sr14Cu24O41体系具有半导体特性,并且Zn掺杂会使体系电阻率降低,降低程度随掺杂量x增大而增大,但并未使体系发生金属- 绝缘体转变. 认为电阻率降低可能是由于Zn2+离子掺杂使体系内CuO2 自旋链中二聚体发生退耦,破坏了电荷有序超结构,从而使更多的空穴释放出来并转移到导电性好的Cu2O3自旋梯子中所致.     

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on porous silicon substrates: Effect of growth time

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on porous silicon(PS) substrates by chemical bath deposition at a low temperature.X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and photoluminescence(PL)analyses were carried out to investigate the effect of growth duration(2 h to 8 h) on the optical and structural properties of the aligned ZnO nanorods. Strong and sharp ZnO(0 0 2) peaks of the ZnO nanorods proved that the aligned ZnO nanorods were preferentially fabricated along the c-axis of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. FESEM images demonstrated that the Zn O nanorod arrays were well aligned along the c-axis and perpendicular to the PS substrates regardless of the growth duration. The TEM image showed that the top surfaces of the ZnO nanorods were round with a smooth curvature. PL spectra demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods grown for 5 h exhibited the sharpest and most intense PL peaks within the ultraviolet range among all samples.     

高职化工英语教学模式改革探索

高职院校“校企一体化”模式的不断深化要求对现有的化工英语教学模式进行改革。化工英语课需要从教学内容、教学手段和考核方式三个方面入手，进行教学模式的改革探索，才能培养出适应市场需求的化工专业人才。     

社会政治因素影响下的中国化学史研究

通过对中国化学史研究三位代表人物——李乔苹、袁翰青及张子高的中国化学史研究的比较、解读,认为三者客观上体现出中国化学史研究奠基期的一个开拓、批判、超越的发展序列;这个序列的产生和中国当时的社会政治状况紧密相关,并逐渐在中国大陆体现出以马列主义毛泽东思想为指导的中国化学史研究的时代特色,而这种特色却有着明显的时空局限性。     

在化学教学中提高大学生的哲学素质

对如何在化学教学中提高大学生的哲学素质进行了探索，认为大学生哲学素质的提高，不仅有助于他们掌握化学知识，而且有助于他们树立正确的世界观和方法论。     

共存组分参与的反应的平衡处理

共存组分参与的反应的化学平衡，是把组分与共存组分的生成物作为反应物，再与另一组分反应处理的。其平衡常数等于组分间反应的平衡常数与组分和共存组分的平衡常数之比。     

Chemistry laboratories,and how they might be studied

Chemistry laboratories, as buildings, have been surprisingly little studied by historians of science; interest has been focused on them more as sites of specific scientific activity, with particular emphasis on the personalities who worked within them. This has overshadowed aspects of laboratories such as their specification, design, construction, fitting-out, adaptation, replacement, status as civic and academic structures, and so on. Systematic study of them would be aided by an agreed taxonomy of laboratory types, according to their purpose, and a scheme is proposed here. Practically no pre-1800 chemical laboratories survive, and there are very few dating from earlier than 1900, at least in their original state. Encouragingly, there have been several recent archaeological excavations which have turned up interesting evidence of early examples from various cultures. Little interest has been shown in the preservation of laboratories as significant architectural or historical structures, certainly when compared with other building types. The paper closes by considering those English laboratories which enjoy some level of legal protection but questioning the criteria adopted in deciding the programme of preservation.