Dynamic mechanism of the upwelling on the west side of the submerged river valley off the Changjiang mouth in summertime

Based on the analysis of the field observation data off the Changjiang mouth in August 2000 and satellite image of sea surface temperature (SST) in summer of 1997, it indicates that there exists the upwelling event on the west side of the submerged river valley (SRV) off the Changjiang mouth. The calculated results of the three-dimensional numerical model show that this upwelling is induced by the barotropic effect, baroclinic effect, bottom Ekman effect and their interaction with the slope bottom topography. The baroclinic effect is the main cause producing the upwelling at the northern SRV (on the east side of the South Passage of the Changjiang estuary), while the barotropic effect is the main cause at the southern SRV (on the east side of the center of the Hangzhou Bay mouth). The dynamic mechanism producing the upweiling off the Changjiang mouth is different with the general one along coast and on the continental shelf.     

近五千年来长江中下游干流的演变

主要根据河漫滩相沉积的加积过程与厚度变化,埋藏古树层及埋藏古文化层的分析,发现近五千年来长江中下游干流洪水位上升了大约20m,并发展了曲流、洲滩、分流,以及支流河口成为自然堤后湖的变化.造成上述种种变化的主要原因是气候变化、海面运动、泥沙淤积、构造运动及人为活动的影响等,估计今后,所述种种变化还会继续发展下去.     

聚硅硫酸铝净化长江水的试验研究

以工业水玻璃、工业硫酸铝为原料制得聚硅硫酸铝（PASS）复合絮凝剂,用其净化长江水,处理后的长江水剩余浊度为0.5 NTU,pH=6.65,符合饮用水水质要求;用电子显微镜观察了PASS的形貌,用激光粒度仪分析了絮凝后形成絮体的粒度,与聚合氯化铝（PAC）进行比较,结果发现,PASS中形成了分子链更长、聚合度更大的聚合物,显示出比PAC更强的吸附架桥能力和更好的除浊效果;研究了聚硅硫酸铝与淀粉复合后对形貌及絮体粒度的影响,结果显示,淀粉加入聚硅硫酸铝中,PASS的形貌和粒度均未发生大的改变。     

Preservation of black carbon in the shelf sediments of the East China Sea

Concentrations and carbon isotopic(14C,13C) compositions of black carbon(BC) were measured for three sediment cores collected from the Changjiang River estuary and the shelf of the East China Sea. BC concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 mg/g(dry weight) ,and accounted for 5% to 26% of the sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC) pool. Among the three sediment cores collected at each site,sediment from the Changjiang River estuary had relatively high BC contents compared with the sedi-ments from the East China Sea shelf,suggesting that the Changjiang River discharge played an im-portant role in the delivery of BC to the coastal region. Radiocarbon measurements indicate that the ages of BC are in the range of 6910 to 12250 years old B.P.(before present) ,that is in general,3700 to 9000 years older than the 14C ages of TOC in the sediments. These variable radiocarbon ages suggest that the BC preserved in the sediments was derived from the products of both biomass fire and fossil fuel combustion,as well as from ancient rock weathering. Based on an isotopic mass balance model,we calculated that fossil fuel combustion contributed most(60%―80%) of the BC preserved in these sediments and varied with depth and locations. The deposition and burial of this "slow-cycling" BC in the sediments of the East China Sea shelf represent a significant pool of carbon sink and could greatly influence carbon cycling in the region.     

"珠三角"与"长三角"未来竞争力的对比分析

从经济结构、基础设施和经济发展的软环境、发展要素、协调程度、发展机制等方面,对“长江三角洲”(简称“长三角”)和“珠江三角洲”(简称“珠三角”)经济发展的整体竞争力进行了比较分析,并对当前理论界一致唱衰“珠三角”、看好“长三角”的观点作了反驳,指出“珠三角”的前景更加光明。     

浙北引水对钱塘江河口段主要水环境的影响分析

基于实测资料相关分析以及一维咸水入侵模型,分析了浙北引水对钱塘江河口段江道淤积和咸水入侵的影响.结果表明,浙北引水将减少进入河口的径流量,造成钱塘江河口淤积的增加和盐水上溯距离加长,且对不同位置取水口的取水条件有着不同程度的影响.     

夏季珠江口悬浮泥沙与营养盐对生物生长影响的数模分析

了解珠江河口主要的生态影响因子与分布规律,对保护珠江口的生态环境具有重要意义.建立了一个包含氮、磷循环,并考虑悬浮泥沙造成光衰减的珠江口生态-水动力耦合模型,并进行了验证.验证结果显示,该模型能较好地模拟生态变量的分布趋势.并且,通过设置数值敏感性实验,分析悬浮泥沙和营养盐对生物生长的影响.实验结果表明,悬浮泥沙对珠江河口湾内的生物生长限制作用明显,磷酸盐对湾内与湾外的生物生长均有限制作用,在湾外海域限制作用明显;而珠江口水域相对丰富的氮盐对生物生长基本没限制.珠江口湾内水域生物生长主要受泥沙限制,湾外水域受营养盐限制,叶绿素浓度呈现从湾内往湾口递增,湾口往外递减的分布趋势,在湾口出现高值.     

无结构网格二维潮流模型的开发及应用

基于无结构网格的半隐海洋环流模型——“类UnTrim (unstructured grid version of trim)模型”开发了一个二维潮流数学模型.模型在平面上采用无结构三角网格,并采用二维浅水方程作为控制方程.利用水槽试验对模型的潮流模拟和干湿判别进行了验证,验证结果显示模型是稳定可靠的.将模型用于长江口的水动力过程模拟,并利用实测水文资料对模型进行了率定和验证计算.结果表明,模拟结果与实际情况一致.     

长江口表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留和风险评价

采用GC-ECD(gas chromatography-electron capture detector)对14种多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)在长江口及东海近岸沉积物中的残留水平进行了测定,对其分布、组分特征、来源及生态风险水平进行了探讨.结果表明:多氯联苯在表层沉积物中的...     

Seasonal variations in the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of suspended particulate matter in the lower Changjiang River: Provenance and erosion constraints

Suspended particulate matter samples were collected monthly for more than 2 years in Nanjing,China to examine seasonal changes in the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the lower Changjiang River(CR).The results indicate that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the samples ranges from 0.725352 to 0.738128,and the values ofεNd(0)ranges from-10.55 to-12.29.The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions show distinct seasonal variations.The samples had lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios and higherε Nd(0)values during the flood season than the dry seasons.The seasonal variations primarily reflect the controls of provenance rocks and erosion in different sub-catchments.The relative decrease in 87Sr/86Sr ratios and the increase inε Nd(0)values during the flood season may reflect an increasing in the mechanical erosion rate in the upper basin and the contribution of more sediment from the upper reaches.The end member values of 87Sr/86Sr andε Nd(0)of the samples were 0.728254 and?11.26,respectively.