Cpf1 和 Cas9核酸酶靶向EGFR-L858R突变的研究

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)单核苷酸突变(2573TG,L858R)占所有EGFR突变的90%.使突变的EGFR失活对有此突变的病人非常有利.这里,应用双荧光报告分析的方法分析规律成簇间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)系统中Cpf1和Cas9在靶向EGFR-L858R突变的编辑效率.在EGFR-L858R突变位点的附近,有两个Cpf1前间区序列邻近基序(PAMs)——TTTN.并且,2573TG突变形成了一个Cas9的PAM——NGG.因此本文通过构建两条AsCpf1的gRNAs(gRNA1和gRNA2)和一条SpCas9的gRNA(gRNA3)在体外通过双荧光蛋白分析系统去评估SpCas9和AsCpf1特异性靶向等位基因的能力.结果证实了AsCpf1和SpCas9都能够特异性的编辑突变的EGFR(2573TG).     

钻井液在致密砂岩中裂缝的侵入深度模型

克深井区储层的孔隙结构与裂缝特征造成钻井过程中钻井液大量漏失,其中的固相颗粒会堵塞裂缝,使得部分生产井在完井后产量偏低甚至无产量,现场主要是通过酸压来解决这类问题。对于裂缝性气藏的酸压而言,需要知道钻井液在裂缝中的侵入深度变化,以便于设计施工参数,评价酸压效果。针对这一问题,根据牛顿流体在裂缝中的流动机理,裂缝宽度的变化以及裂缝壁面的滤失等,建立了钻井液在单一裂缝中的漏失动力模型,根据裂缝内钻井液压力的分布来定量描述钻井液的侵入深度,考虑并分析了该模型的侵入深度与侵入时间,压差和裂缝宽度之间的相互关系。最后,利用该模型计算了克深井区获得增产效果的酸压井中钻井液的侵入深度和酸液的侵入深度,通过增产井中二者之间的关系,从而间接证明了该模型。     

辫状河储层内部建筑结构及剩余油分布研究

储层内部建筑结构是影响开发效果的决定性因素,对剩余油分布具有控制作用。基于河流相建筑结构分析理论,在辫状河沉积模式指导下,采用层次分析法,从开发角度对砂体内部结构进行精细解剖,识别和确定出辫状河道、心滩坝、废弃河道和落淤层等结构要素,弄清各级次、各期次结构要素的接触关系,完成辫状河储层内部结构的精细表征;基于内部结构表征成果,结合不同时期水淹层测井解释结果和生产动态资料,恢复不同开发调整时期的水淹特征,动态表征辫状河储层内部结构控制下的水淹过程,并依据小井距密闭取芯井精细水洗结果验证,总结不同储层结构控制下的剩余油分布模式。结果表明,辫状河储层整体以高含水为主,水淹呈不均匀立体式、随机式特征,不具有分段水淹的特点,未水淹部位分布非常零散,局部物性变差部位、落淤层和低渗屏障遮挡部位直接控制了剩余油的分布。     

大陆边缘三角洲盆地油气成藏特征类比研究

大陆边缘三角洲盆地一直是油气最为富集的地区之一,世界上很多大的油气区均是分布在三角洲盆地,如西非尼日尔三角洲盆地,东非鲁伍玛盆地三角洲和印尼库泰盆地马哈坎三角洲等。通过对不同类型大陆边缘三角洲盆地油气地质条件的差异性对比研究,明确在不同构造演化阶段发育的三角洲盆地的盆地结构、内部构造样式、烃源岩特征及成藏模式均存在明显差异。其中,漂移期发育的尼日尔三角洲和鲁伍玛盆地三角洲重力滑脱推覆构造体系发育。在裂陷期拗陷阶段发育的库泰盆地马哈坎三角洲重力滑脱推覆构造体系不发育。马哈坎三角洲和尼日尔三角洲盆地的主力烃源岩均来自三角洲体系,以生油为主,具有自生自储,近源成藏的特点。东非鲁伍玛盆地烃源岩为下侏罗统海湾环境海相烃源岩,主要生裂解气,具有阶梯式长距离运移,远源成藏的特点。     

微量镍元素添加对铁基非晶/纳米晶磁芯软磁性能的影响

用单辊法制备的宽20 mm,厚25μm的Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9和Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材,绕制成外径为40 mm,内径为25 mm的环型磁芯,然后将磁芯在不同的温度下进行退火处理,研究了微量Ni元素添加对合金带材的晶化行为以及对横向磁场退火后的非晶/纳米晶磁芯的软磁性能的影响。结果表明:与Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9合金带材相比,添加微量Ni元素的Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8合金带材的一级起始晶化温度Tx1和一级晶化峰温度Tp1降低,其二级起始晶化温度Tx2和二级晶化峰温度Tp2升高,两级起始晶化温度之间的差值ΔTx增大;与横向磁场退火后的Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9非晶/纳米晶磁芯相比,横向磁场退火后的Fe_(73.5)Ni_(0.3)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(14.2)B_8非晶/纳米晶磁芯的起始磁导率μi和饱和磁感应强度Bs减小,矫顽力Hc增大;当测试频率f和最大磁感应强度Bm不变时,有效幅值磁导率μa增大,比总损耗Ps和矫顽力Hc减小;当测试频率f不变时,电感Ls和品质因数Q增大;当励磁电流I不变时,感应电动势E大。     

《长物志》艺术欣赏观

《长物志》囊括了晚明士大夫房清居生活的各个方面,完整地总结了艺术欣赏思想,集中体现了他们的审美趣味.艺术欣赏的本质是怡情悦性,艺术欣赏获得审美愉悦的同时,完成人格修养的塑造.欣赏者想要欣赏艺术的美,就要有外在的“物境”和内在的“心境”的条件.艺术欣赏还需一定的能力,欣赏者要具有“真才”.     

古代金石学者对云南石刻之考证

中国古代金石学在宋代达到一个高峰,而有关云南的却仅有《隶释》收录的一通汉碑。至清代,中国的金石学再次出现高峰,著名金石学者王昶及阮元父子相继来滇,亲自寻访石刻并著录,通过他们的著作,云南石刻才逐渐为世人所知悉。     

Echo-state-network classification based multi-services awareness in high-speed optical passive networks

With the challenge of great growing of services diversity,service-oriented supporting ability is required by current high-speed passive optical network (PON).Aimed at enhancing the quality of service (QoS) brought by diversified-services,this study proposes an echo state network (ESN) based multi-service awareness mechanism in 10-Gigabite ethernet passive optical network (10G-EPON).In the proposed approach,distributed architecture is adopted to realize this ESN based multi-service awareness.According to the network architecture of 10G-EPON,where a main ESN is running in OLT and a number of ESN agents works in ONUs.The main-ESN plays the main function of service-awareness from the total view of various kinds of services in 10G-EPON system,by full ESN training.Then,the reservoir information of well-trained ESN in OLT will be broadcasted to all ONUs and those ESN agents working in ONUs are allowed to conduct independent service-awareness function.Thus,resources allocation and transport policy are both determined only in ONUs.Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is able to better support the ability of multiple services.     

DanHong Injection inhibits the development of primary abdominal aortic aneurysms in apoE knockout mice

Clinical observations indicate that DanHong Injection （DHI） can increase blood flow and reduce various syndromes in patients with cardiovascular disease. How- ever, it still needs to define the function of DHI and the involved mechanisms in details, such as the protective effect on the development of primary abdominal aortic aneurysms （AAAs）. In this study, we determined whether DHI is able to inhibit AAA in apoE knockout （apoE-/-） mice. Thirty apoE-/- male mice on high-fat diet （0.5 % cholesterol, 21% fat） were randomly divided into two groups and received i.p. injection of saline （100 μL/day） and DHI （100 μL/day）, respectively, for 16 weeks. At the end of experiment, we determined the development of atherosclerosis in en face aorta and aneurysms,pathological morphology of arterial wall, and serum lipid levels. We also determined the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNA in aortic wall using real-time RT-PCR. Our results indicated that high-fat diet induced the development of AAAs in apoE-/- mice, but the induction was totally blocked by DHI （P 〈 0.01）. The result of staining of abdominal aortic cross sections showed that DHI main- tained the collagen content in arterial wall, thereby pre- venting the animals from the development of AAA. Although DHI had little effect on serum total- and LDL- cholesterol levels, it reduced the expression of MCP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 mRNA in aortic wall （P 〈 0.01）. Taken together, our study suggests that DHI can inhibit the high-fat diet-induced AAA formation. The inhibitory effects may be related to the maintenance of the collagen content and inhibition of expression of AAA-related genes. Our study may suggest a new application of DHI in clinics.     

被封锁的灵魂——从张爱玲的《半生缘》说起

在《半生缘》中，张爱玲所描绘的意象、场景，处处弥漫着压抑的阴气，悲凄的结局平添了丝丝的感伤。行文中，让人窒息的阴气与各种各样的“封锁”很自然地连接在了一起，处处体现着张爱玲的“封锁．情结和荒凉美学。本文即从“封锁”出发，探究《半生缘》中的“封锁”情结体现。