安塞油田长6油层组精细地层划分与对比

目的 在油田开发中、后期,为研究砂体展布、沉积微相、储层非均质性以及最终预测有利含油区块提供基础数据。方法 利用测井曲线和岩心资料,分析了研究区近200口探井长6油层组的岩、电特征,对安塞油田延长组长6油层组进行了精细划分与对比,并利用该成果分析了长6;q小层的沉积微相及砂体展布特点。结果 长6油层组自上而下划分为长61^1-1、长61^1-2、长61^1-3、长61^2长62和长63等6个不同级别的小层,各小层厚度不等;其中,长61^1-2小层砂体发育,属水下分流河道微相,为安塞油田延长组长6油层组的主力产层。结论 长6油层组精细地层划分与对比对油田开发具有重要意义。     

Isolation of human epidermal stem cells by adherence and the reconstruction of skin equivalents

The isolation of human epidermal stem cells is critical for their clinical applications. In the present study, we isolated three populations of epidermal keratinocytes according to their ability to adhere to collagen type IV: i.e., rapidly adhering (RA), slowly adhering (SA), and non-adhering (NA) cells. The aim of this study was to characterize RA cells and to investigate the possibility of using these cells for epidermis reconstruction. To identify RA cells, flow cytometric analysis was performed using anti-₆ integrin and anti-CD71 antibodies. RA cells express high levels of ₆ integrin and low levels of CD71, which are considered as markers of an epidermal stem cell nature. Furthermore, electron microscopy showed that RA cells are small and have a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, whereas SA and NA cells have well-developed cellular organelles and abundant tonofilaments. Western blot analysis showed that RA cells are slow cycling and express p63, a putative epidermal stem cell marker, whereas SA and NA cells express c-Myc, which is known to regulate stem cell fate. To compare epidermal regenerative abilities, skin equivalents (SEs) were made using RA, SA, and NA cells. The epidermis constructed from RA cells was well formed compared to those formed from SA or NA cells. In addition, only SEs with RA cells expressed ₆ integrin and ₁ integrin at the basal layer. These results indicate that RA cells represent epidermal stem cells and are predominately comprised of stem cells. Therefore, the isolation of RA cells using a simple technique offers a potential route to their clinical application, because they are easily isolated and provide a high yield of epidermal stem cells.Received 2 July 2004; received after revision 20 August 2004; accepted 10 September 2004     

Horizontal gene transfer from Eukarya to Bacteria and domain shuffling: the α-amylase model

-Amylases are present in all kingdoms of the living world. Despite strong conservation of the tertiary structure, only a few amino acids are conserved in interkingdom comparisons. Animal -amylases are characterized by several typical motifs and biochemical properties. A few cases of such -amylases have been previously reported in some eubacterial species. We screened the bacterial genomes available in the sequence databases for new occurrences of animal-like -amylases. Three novel cases were found, which belong to unrelated bacterial phyla: Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Microbulbifer degradans, and Thermobifida fusca. All the animal-like -amylases in Bacteria probably result from repeated horizontal gene transfer from animals. The M. degradans genome also contains bacterial-type and plant-type -amylases in addition to the animal-type one. Thus, this species exhibits -amylases of animal, plant, and bacterial origins. Moreover, the similarities in the extra C-terminal domains (different from both the -amylase domain C and the starch-binding domain), when present, also suggest interkingdom as well as intragenomic shuffling.Received 17 October 2003; accepted 6 November 2003     

How retinoids regulate breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis

Breast cancer still remains a major problem in its incidence, morbidity and mortality; therefore, more effective strategies for its prevention are urgently needed. Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, possess antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties, making them a promising class of chemopreventive agents against breast cancer. The efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, LGD1069 (Targretin, bexarotene), and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (fenretinide) as breast cancer chemopreventive agents is being studied. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of these agents should lead to improvements in their clinical application. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which retinoids exert their antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells.Received 5 January 2004; received after revision 9 February 2004; accepted 12 February 2004     

用分段回归方法计算孔隙结构的分形维数

储层岩石的孔隙空间具有良好的分形特征,孔隙结构的分形维数可以用来定量描述孔隙结构的复杂程度。应用分形几何的原理,推导了储层岩石不同孔隙分布和毛细管压力曲线的分形几何模型。根据毛管压力曲线资料,用分段回归的方法计算了不同孔隙结构的分形维数。计算结果表明,用分段回归方法计算孔隙结构的分形维数能更好地反映孔隙结构的实际情况。若孔隙大小相差不大,孔隙结构的分形维数相等或比较接近;若孔隙大小相差较大、非均质性较强,得到的孔隙结构分形维数不同。     

注水开发后期河流相储层流动单元特征

在利用岩心资料划分流动单元的基础上,用岩心刻度测井资料建立了流动单元储层参数评价模型。利用该模型对储层空间流动单元进行划分和综合研究,结果表明,根据流动单元的渗流特征、储层质量、渗流能力及沉积微相等方面的特征,可将流动单元划分为7种类型。流动单元空间分布主要受沉积微相控制,剩余油主要分布于流动能力中等的Ⅴ—Ⅶ类流动单元中。在开发过程中,由于不同流动单元的变化程度不同,使不同流动单元之间的渗流能力相差较大。该研究结果揭示了在注水开发过程中高孔、高渗疏松砂岩储层不同流动单元的变化特征以及流动单元对微裂缝的形成、剩余油富集规律的控制作用,为高含水时期油田的控水稳油方案的制定提供了依据。     

阜新盆地王营-刘家煤层气藏成藏机理

王营-刘家煤层气藏是阜新盆地最具开发前景的两个煤层气藏.从成藏条件(包括煤层空间展布、资源丰度、储层特征、封闭条件)和成藏过程(煤层气的形成和地下水动力学特征)两个方面对其成藏机理进行了系统探讨.提出:(1)王营-刘家煤层气藏主要以多煤层、巨厚煤层为特征.煤层气含量在6～10 m3/t左右,资源丰度巨大;(2)这两个煤层气藏形成于古近纪,新近纪至今为调整改造阶段,二者的边界为平安F2断层;(3)早白垩世末期主煤层就已经成熟并开始生烃(R0=0.5%～0.8%).次生热成因、次生生物成因气并存.喜山期的岩浆活动造成煤的接触变质并发生二次生烃,但影响有限;(4)该煤层气藏形成后的调整与改造都利于煤的储气能力增加;(5)岩墙的存在沟通了所有含水层和煤层,从而造成多煤层统一成藏.图5,参12.     

粒子群优化算法在水库调度中的应用

基于水库优化调度常用优化方法存在的不足,本文根据水库优化调度的数学模型,将粒子群优化算法运用到水库优化调度中。该算法通过个体间的协作与竞争,实现复杂空间中最优解的搜索分析,具有计算简便,收敛速度快等优点。将混沌优化算法运用到水库调度中,并与其它优化方法比较,获得了较为满意的结果。     

预退火对Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9纳米晶合金巨磁阻抗效应的影响

用HP4294A型阻抗分析仪测量了经不同温度预退火后再540℃退火的Fe73.5Cu1Nb3S i13.5B9纳米晶合金薄带的巨磁阻抗,并结合XRD衍射图谱和AFM图谱,研究了预退火对纳米晶介观结构的影响.结果发现,200℃、300℃和400℃预退火处理40 m in对随后540℃退火的Fe73.5Cu1Nb3S i13.5B9薄带-αFe(S i)纳米晶介观结构产生了影响,颗粒团聚优势明显减弱,横向各向异性场减小,巨磁阻抗比得到了显著的提高.     

异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始亲本Sox9基因HMG保守区内含子遗传变异性分析

参照不同物种中Sox基因HMG保守区序列设计简并引物,扩增了异源四倍体鲫鲤及其原始亲本红鲫(Carassius carassiusred var.)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpioL.)的Sox基因.对不同片段大小的Sox基因测序,结果表明,四倍体鱼中存在两个Sox9基因(Atsox9a和Atsox9b),红鲫和鲤鱼中只发现一个Sox9基因(Rcsox9a和Ccsox9b).这4个Sox9基因在HMG盒中均含有内含子,大小分别为413bp,703bp,401bp和714bp,其插入位点遵守GT-AG法则.其中Atsox9a与Rcsox9a,Atsox9b与Ccsox9b的内含子序列都具有很高的一致性,分别为94.4%和97.8%,这表明内含子序列变异率较低.有趣的是,根据它们的外显子所推导的氨基酸序列一致性均为100%.因此,四倍体鱼及其原始亲本Sox9基因HMG基序内含子不仅具有长度多态性,而且内含子之间存在遗传变异性,这为进一步探讨异源四倍体鲫鲤的起源和进化提供了重要的分子生物学证据,同时也为正确掌握内含子的位置信息,功能和进化起源有着十分重要的作用.