能量转换量子系统的热力学特性及其研究进展

量子物理是理解微观粒子运动规律的现代物理学理论.它与信息、生命以及化学等学科相互联系日益紧密,引发了许多新技术革命,深刻影响着人类的生活,已成为社会经济发展的原动力之一.当前,量子物理和能源科学结合,正在产生新的学科生长点.本文主要概述多种类型能量转换量子系统的发展;结合国内外的研究现状,系统地阐明如何应用热力学理论研究量子体系的能量操控以及微观器件的优化设计;总结量子热力学循环、能量选择量子电子器件、量子点热管理器件等在理论和实验方面研究的代表性成果和进展;展望量子物理与能源科学交叉领域发展的新方向.     

上覆荷载作用下胀缩性土干湿循环过程中胀缩变形规律研究

进行了限制侧向膨胀、允许侧向收缩时压实膨胀土、压实红黏土在不同上覆荷载作用下干湿循环试验,定量分析了在干湿循环过程中膨胀土、红黏土的胀缩变形规律.研究结果表明:在相同的干湿循环次数下,膨胀土、红黏土试样的胀缩变形幅度随上覆荷载的增加而逐渐减小,上覆荷载的作用能够不同程度地抑制膨胀性土的胀缩变形.     

现代项目管理在水电机组检修中的应用研究

针对目前水电机组检修管理存在的不足,系统地研究了现代项目管理技术和方法在水电机组检修中的应用,旨在提高检修项目的管理水平,为电厂创造更多的效益。     

周波控制的工业缝纫机马达节能技术

提出一种采用单相周波控制方式的,由双向晶闸管及其组成过零触发控制方式,使双向晶闸管主回路在整个正弦全波电压期间依据轻重负载的变化导通不同比率的周波,即通过改变通断时间的比值达到交流调功的目的,负载上得到的是完整的电压电流波形,而且节能,解决了现有缝纫机电路功率因素低的问题。     

冻融损伤对再生混凝土耐久性及与钢筋粘结性能分析

制作掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的100％粗骨料取代率的再生混凝土RC1和RC2两组试件以及掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的普通混凝土NC1和NC2两组试件,并分别对经过不同次数冻融循环试件的抗压强度、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率进行研究。结果表明,冻融后各组试件的抗压强度、质量损失率及动弹性模量损失率均降低,对于添加引气剂的NC1和RC1两组试件损失较小,其中RC1组试件在200次冻融后抗压强度损失接近40％,质量损失率达0．5％,动弹性模量损失率38．5％。100％取代率并加入引气剂的ZRC组试件冻融后进行中心拨出实验,发生劈裂破坏和钢筋拔出破坏2种形式。再生粗骨料混凝土与钢筋的极限粘结应力均随冻融次数的增加而降低,200次冻融后极限粘结应力下降33．5,荷载滑移曲线既有上升段也有下降段。     

直径图为11圈的7距离集研究

如果平面点集X中的任意两点确定的互异距离数为k,则称X为k距离集。用d(x,y)表示平面上互异两点x,y之间的距离,记X中的最大距离为直径D=D(X)。直径图DG(XD)是由X中所有直径构成的图,XD表示其顶点集。讨论了当X是一个7距离集时,直径图DG(XD)的构型。利用DG(XD)中最多包含一个圈,且只能为奇圈的特性,以及直径所具有的特殊性,证得当直径图为11圈时,其顶点集XD恰好为某正十一边形的顶点集。     

单相有源电力滤波器的控制方法

针对基于单周控制的单相有源电力滤波器只能同时补偿谐波和无功电流、且要求电源电压无畸变的情况,利用基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波和无功分量检测方法,将单周控制作为电流跟踪控制,在推出控制方程和控制电路的基础上进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明在电网电压存在畸变的情况下,采用该方案的有源电力滤波器补偿效果良好,而且可以根据需求实现灵活补偿.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

脂肪细胞分化: 一个故事、两个章节

细胞分化是多细胞个体发育和干细胞实现功能活动的基本过程. 作为诱导白色脂肪细胞分化的体外模型, 小鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞系的定向分化过程由依赖于细胞周期特定时相(接触抑制期)的许可阶段和独立于细胞周期的执行阶段所组成. 在接触抑制期, 通过细胞代谢方式、细胞周期调控因子和细胞信号转导通路之间的相互作用, 决定了各种染色质表观遗传修饰因子的活动, 从而导致具备脂肪细胞分化潜能的染色质表观遗传修饰模式的形成. 在随后的执行阶段, 这种分化潜能被激素诱发, 通过复杂的基因调控网络的动态活动, 使各种控制脂肪细胞分化基因表达的转录因子按既定的分化时间表打开或者关闭, 并决定相关的靶基因的表达, 最终导致了脂肪细胞的形成.