Diversity and dispersal history of the talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) of Bermuda

Five taxa of talitrid amphipods were found in the archipelago of Bermuda, of which three were recorded there for the first time. Four of these are supralittoral wrack generalists: Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402, (a unique Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit according to the Barcode Index Number system), a related species recognized by molecular methods, Platorchestia platensis BOLD:AAA2949, Mexorchestia carpenteri carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491 and Tethorchestia antillensis; and one a terrestrial leaf-litter generalist: Talitroides alluaudi. A key is provided to discriminate between the formally described talitrids of Bermuda. Dispersal mechanisms from the American continent to Bermuda were considered for all taxa based on species distributions along the North American Atlantic coast and also investigated by molecular methods, using genetic population differentiation and haplotype network analysis based on the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. For P. monodi BOLD:AAB3402 the genetic results suggest that some dispersal events occurred before human colonization of Bermuda but are equivocal about the source population and therefore the direction of dispersal. Some very recent synanthropic dispersal is possible with this species. For the other two species studied genetically, P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 and M. c. carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491, the small population samples analysed support dispersal to Bermuda from the American mainland, before human occupation of Bermuda, although the available sample size was limited for these species. The available limited direct, non-genetic evidence supports synanthropic transport for Talitroides alluaudi. Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402 is found in the same wrack habitat as P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 on Bermuda, apparently without interbreeding. No evidence was found that driftwood specialist talitrids had become established in Bermuda.     

极大群和极小群的弱c-正规对有限群结构的影响

利用极大和极小群的弱c-正规性对有限群的结构进行刻画,得到可解群和p-幂零群的一些充分条件,推广了一些已知的结果.     

冬眠及外源维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖能量代谢的影响

观测了冬眠前饲料中添加外源维生素C(Vc)对冬眠中华鳖稚鳖能量代谢的影响.结果发现外源Vc不能提高冬眠期间中华鳖的存活率(P=0.57).稚鳖个体在冬眠期间生长能的平均值为-0.15 kJ.d-1,该值与代谢耗能相当.鳖体蛋白、脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数w在冬眠前后无显著差异(P>0.05),外源Vc对鳖的体组成没有明显影响(P>0.05).冬眠8周后,肝脏线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)和肝脏乳酸锐氢酶(LDH)的活性显著下降(P<0.05).饲料外源Vc对肝脏线粒体蛋白含量、肝脏线粒体COX和LDH的活性均无影响(P>0.05).     

种群细胞增生中迁移方程的研究进展

介绍了近年来国际上种群细胞增生中的迁移方程的研究进展,主要阐述了这类迁移方程解的构造性理论及应用等研究成果。     

异质面GaAs太阳电池暗电流－电压特性的隧穿效应

在２００～３００Ｋ温度内测量了由ＬＰＥ生长的异质面高效ＧａＡＬｓ太阳电池暗电流－电压特性的温度关系，对实测的Ｉ－Ｖ特性进行拟合分析，认为低温低偏压下的过剩电流，起因于耗尽层内禁带中局域态间热协助的多级带间隧穿效应．     

C─值悖论及其机制

基因组大小，即Ｃ值，与基因组中所含的遗传信息的认定数量间缺乏对应，这种Ｃ一值悖论是由非基因ＤＮＡ的增加所造成的．     

烟草叶肉原生质体再生壁形成的电镜研究

电镜观察表明,新分离的烟草叶肉原生质体表面光滑,在质膜外没有纤维状物质,内质网和高尔基体几乎没有发育:培养1天后,线粒体明显增加,粗面内质网和高尔基体沿质膜发育,质膜变得粗糙;2天后,质膜发生折皱,高尔基囊泡向质膜外分泌它的内含物;6天后,质膜表面出现明显松散分布的再生壁。在培养基中附加200 ppm香豆素处理,在培养1天后,质膜仍然光滑,未出现内质网和高尔基体;2天后,质膜开始变粗糙,内质网开始发育。试验表明,质膜、内质网、高尔基体在原生质体再生壁形成中起重要作用,并讨论了它们的可能作用。香豆素可能是在一定时同内,通过抑制质膜的活动和内质网、高尔基体的发育而抑制壁的再生。     

一种游仆虫无性生殖周期中大核及其DNA含量的变化

应用光学显微镜、显微光度计和定量细胞化学技术研究了一种游仆虫无性生殖周期中大核及其 DNA 含量的变化特征,获得如下结果:(1)游仆虫细胞周期分成 G_1期、S 期和 D 期,各个时期在整个细胞周期中所占的时间速率分别为36%、59%和5%。(2)游仆虫细胞周期中,G_1期大核迅速增大,但此时大核无 DNA 合成现象,DNA 分布密度随大核增大而降低;S 期大核前期增大,此后变小,大核 DNA 含量连续增加,大核 DNA 分布密度也随着增高。8期结束后,大核 DNA 含量相当于 G_1大核的两倍;D期大核又显著增大,DNA 分布密度稍高于 G_1期大核的水平。(3)由游仆虫孚尔根反应大核的形态,大核 DNA 三维吸收图像和显微光度术定量分析数据表明,游仆虫大核 DNA 含量的变化仅发生在 S 期,S 期大核中 DNA 合成与大核改组带相联系。     

应用最小二乘法原理计算平面滑坡岩石C、■值

根据河北省石人沟铁矿滑坡实例，应用最小二乘法原理，计算了该滑体岩石的粘结力（Ｃ）及内摩擦角值，继而为评价与治理采场边坡稳定性提供了有力的依据。