恒定电压下水射流相变及其动力学特性

为了解释水射流等离子体电弧发生的前驱现象,利用FLUENT/MHD软件,在直流电压1.0和1.1 kV下,对同轴圆锥态水射流相变反应器中的水--水蒸气相变过程及其动力学特性加以仿真,揭示了气流通道形成过程中,温度、密度、压力、速度等动力学参数及相互之间的影响.结果表明:水射流气体通道形成之初,内部流速整体趋势随时间增大;温度随时间升高,沿轴线方向温度降低.气流通道形成后,热量向反应器内扩散,通道增宽同时温度下降;通道形成之前,静压强有一段突然增高的现象.     

表面张力测定方法的现状与进展

表面张力是影响各种化学反应和生物反应的关键因素之一,也是液体重要的物理性质。介绍了常见的几种测定表面张力的方法,包括毛细管上升法、最大气泡压力法、吊环法/吊片法、滴重法/滴体积法、振荡射流法、旋滴法和悬滴法,着重介绍了悬滴法用轴称滴形分析测定表面张力的进展。     

坪上水库溢洪道设计水力计算分析

介绍了坪上水库的地理位置和溢洪道的布置情况,分析了溢洪道水位与泄量的关系,阐述了水面线和挑流消能计算。     

泄洪洞基本水力特性基研究

以西岁兴水库泄洪洞水工模型试验为基础,对泄洪洞的泄流能力、流速分布、流态以及泄洪洞出口挑流消能等水力特性进行了研究,为类似的水利工程设计和建设提供了借鉴。     

Correlation of rate of gas temperature rise with mass loss rate in a ceiling vented compartment

n-heptane pool fire and industrial alcohol pool fire in a ceiling vented compartment were studied experimentally. The parameters including mass loss rate and rate of gas temperature rise were investigated. The results suggest that the rate of gas temperature rise, whose varia- tions were highly coincident with those of the mass loss rate, minimized at the moment of extinction. The correlation of the rate of average nondimensional temperature rise with mass loss rate was established. It was found that the rate of average nondimensional temperature rise may be correlated with mass loss rate via the gas heat absorption coefficient which was found to be a quadratic function of the nondimensional heat release rate for the ceiling vented compartment under study. The present study may be of practical use for estimation of the time-dependent changes in mass loss rate from the gas temperature curves.     

修正的PANS模型在云状空化流动计算中的应用评价

将考虑空化流动密度变化的密度函数引入PANS模型,基于实验结果评价了这种修正的PANS模型在云状空化流动计算中的应用.分别采用不同的模型控制参数f_k值,计算了绕Clark-Y型水翼云状空化流动,获得了空穴形态的发展历程、升力系数曲线波动情况,并与实验结果进行了对比.结果表明,修正PANS模型继承了标准PANS模型的特点,即随着f_k值的减小,可以获得流场中越来越丰富的多相湍流流动细节,很好地预测绕翼型云状空化流动的非定常特性;修正PANS模型考虑了空化区域气液混合介质对湍流黏性的影响,可以更全面地描述反向射流作用下空穴的断裂及多尺度空泡团的脱落细节,所得翼型升力系数曲线的波动情况更接近于实验值.      

煤层割缝器用双梯度喷嘴结构设计与优化

为提高高压水射流煤层割缝器的切割能力,提出采用双梯度结构对喷嘴这一关键部件进行结构设计及优化来改善喷嘴喷射性能的新思路。针对安装于63割缝器总长为17 mm的双梯度喷嘴,在正交实验指导下,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对不同参数组合下喷嘴出口流场进行了模拟。数值模拟结果表明双梯度喷嘴结构参数为L1=6 mm、θ1=18°、θ2=35°、L=6 mm、d=2.5 mm时,其轴向速度在150 mm靶距处最大且衰减较慢。通过对数值模拟优化喷嘴结构进行试制,在室内运用3DPIV对其性能实验测试。实验结果表明在本文实验条件下,双梯度喷嘴结构参数为L1=6 mm、θ1=18°、θ2=35°、L=6 mm、d=2.5 mm时,其射流出口流场平均速度最大,速度场分布较为理想,在150 mm靶距处的平均速度为普通喷嘴的1.4倍。     

射流角度对流体控制矢量喷管的影响

采用基于雷诺平均的三维N-S方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型对某型喷管射流注入时的全流场进行了数值模拟,计算结果和试验数据符合良好。为研究射流注入角度对喷管流场的影响,数值模拟了9组射流角下的喷管流场,计算结果表明:射流垂直壁面注入时产生的推力矢量角最大,逆流注入气流对喷管流场的改变要明显大于顺流注入气流的影响,但产生的损失也较大。     

Criteria for intermittent and continuous disturbance transitiion of ERA interaction with

There are two interaction mechanisms between shaped charge jet and thin flying plate driven by explosion, that is, the intermittent and continuous disturbance. Determination of the transition criteria for the intermittent and continuous disturbance is of importance for the penetration calculation of the escaping jet and the design of ERA （explosive reactive armour）. In this paper a new criteria was presented based on the analysis of interaction process, and the effects of NATO angle and thickness of flying plate on the disturbance frequency were discussed. It is shown that the critical shaped charge jet velocity increases with the plate thickness and NATO angle, especially increases drastically between 45° and 60°.     

液-液体系中均匀液滴分散装置的研制

在借鉴液气振动喷射分散系统的基础上,设计了由供液系统、振动分散系统和观测系统三部分组成的液一液振动分散系统。供液系统由高压气体提供动力源,振动分散系统可提供不同的振荡背景,分散过程由观测系统中的照相机记录。采用水-油体系对系统的稳定性、可控性进行了研究,记录振荡条件下两相中液滴的分散行为并得到了均匀的分散液滴。