Analysis of components of conserved “backbone sequences”among genomes of Shigella spp. strains

Difference in the genomic compositions of prokaryotes is the basis of the diversity in their biological characters. However, besides their flora-or strain-specific genes,those floras with closer relationship in the evolution also have conserved “backbone sequences”, which reveal the marks of their origin and evolution, and these “backbone sequences”are just the basis of their elementary living abilities and common biological properties. Shigella is very closely related to E. coli in the origin and evolution, and may turn out to belong to the same genus. In this study, a microarray containing E. coli K-12 whole genome and Sf301 specific ORFs is used to investigate the genomic components of four Shigella strains. The results indicate that 16%-22% K-12 ORFs sequences are not detected in the genome of Shigella strains while the genome of Shigella contains at least 2800 conserved ORFs, which compose the common “backbone sequences”.Advanced analysis indicated that the “backbone sequences”are the essential components in maintaining the normal physiological activities of intestinal bacteria. Furthermore,only 20% Sf301-specific ORFs exist in other strains simultaneously, which demonstrate the great genome heterogeneity and the genetic diversity among the strains.     

木霉菌对3种蔬菜病原菌的拮抗作用

测定了11种木霉对黄瓜枯萎尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、黄瓜黑星病瓜疮痂枝孢霉(Cladospori-um cucumerinum)和番茄叶霉病褐孢霉(Fulvia fulva)的拮抗作用,筛选出1株M6粘绿木霉对3种病菌均有较强拮抗作用,而且对黄瓜枯萎病的室内盆栽防效可达65.66%。与此同时还观察到多数木霉生长速度快、生长繁茂,快速覆盖病原菌的菌落,竞争作用、抗生作用和重寄生作用是其主要作用机制。     

楸树扦插生根过程中插条保护酶与丙二醛动态变化

以金丝楸和圆基长果楸的嫩枝为材料,研究了ABT处理下扦插生根过程中3种保护酶活性和丙二醛含量的动态变化,分析了其变化规律与生根的关系。结果表明:3种保护酶活性和丙二醛含量与楸树嫩枝扦插生根过程密切相关;叶片和皮部SOD活性各自呈现升—降和降—升的趋势;两部位的POD活性和MDA含量均呈现升-降的趋势;叶片PPO活性呈现升—降趋势,而皮部PPO活性则出现双峰变化。酶活性和MDA含量变化的转折点则由于品种的不同以及ABT处理与否出现很大的差异。对酶活性和MDA含量进行有效调控是突破楸树扦插繁殖困难的有效方法之一。     

5种克罗诺杆菌鞭毛蛋白fliC基因的克隆和序列分析

根据C.sakazakii BAA 894全基因组序列中fliC基因(Gene ID:CP000783.1),设计特异性引物,通过PCR方法扩增了5种克罗诺杆菌fliC基因的全长序列,并通过生物信息学方法对fliC基因进行了序列分析.序列分析结果表明:fliC基因的全长为837bp,编码279个氨基酸.同源性分析表明:5种克罗诺杆菌fliC基因的序列相似性为92.11%~99.40%;与其它细菌的fliC序列进行比较,其核酸序列同源性为51.73%~82.57%.这表明克罗诺杆菌fliC基因具有较高的保守性,可作为制备克罗诺杆菌多克隆抗体或单克隆抗体的一种候选抗原.     

Changes of Soil Enzyme Activities in Different Restoration Ages of Spruce Forests on the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Six soil enzymes (invertase, acid phosphatase, proteinase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase ) were chosen for investigation under different spruce forests with restoration ages of 4,10,16 years and an old-growth spruce forest over 400 years old in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Results showed that the activities of invertase, phosphatase, proteinase, catalase and peroxidase decreased in newly restored forests except for pholyphenoloxidase. With the development of forests after restoration, the activities of invertase, acid phosphadase, proteinase increased gradually. Our study also indicated that the soil enzyme activities were associated with surface soils and decreased with depths. This result suggested that in the earlier restoration stage the application of organic fertilizer may be more effective by surface addition to soils than deep addition.     

黑蛋巢菌属和红蛋巢菌属真菌的5种水解酶活性测定

通过测定黑蛋巢菌属9个菌株和红蛋巢菌属6个菌株的几丁质酶、β-1, 3葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和木质素过氧化物酶共5种水解酶活性,为评价和合理利用鸟巢菌资源提供依据。结果表明,所有菌株均具有以上水解酶活性,同一种水解酶的活性在不同菌株之间以及同一菌株的不同水解酶活性差异显著。其中红蛋巢菌134表现出最大的几丁质酶活性,达到122.1 U/mL;黑蛋巢菌24的β-1, 3葡聚糖酶活性最强,达到143.7 U/mL;在25℃下培养,黑蛋巢菌185的纤维素酶活性最高,达到62.3 U/mL,35℃下培养,菌株185的纤维素酶活性也最高,达到了137.6 U/mL,所有菌株的纤维素酶活性在35℃培养4周比25℃培养2周要高;在25℃下培养时,菌株134的木聚糖酶活性最高,达到了464.8 U/mL,35℃培养4周时,菌株185具有最高的木聚糖酶活性,达到了745.6 U/mL,总体上木聚糖酶的活性在35℃培养4周高于25℃培养3周;黑蛋巢菌150表现出最高的木质素过氧化物酶活性,为0.297 U/mL。总体比较,菌株185的复合酶系较发达,有望利用该菌株完成植物秸杆的降解及利用。     

淹水处理下杨树不同无性系苗木根系形态变化

【目的】了解淹水处理下不同杨树无性系苗木根系的形态变化规律,揭示杨树对淹水胁迫的根系适应策略,为筛选耐水的杨树无性系提供依据。【方法】选用3804杨、1388杨、895杨、110杨和328杨5个杨树无性系,设置对照、渍水和淹水3种处理,测定苗木根系的生物量、长度、数量、表面积、体积等指标。【结果】①渍水处理下杨树根生物量与对照无显著差异,但淹水处理下的根生物量却显著小于对照。②渍水和淹水处理下的多数杨树无性系苗木一级根数量与对照之间没有显著差异,但总根长、总根投影面积、总根表面积和总根体积却大于对照。③与对照相比,渍水和淹水处理下的杨树苗木根系平均直径有所减小,但根尖数、分叉数和交叉数却增大。④主成分分析提取出的2个主成分累积贡献率为88.58%,可较好地反映杨树苗木根系形态特征。【结论】隶属函数法分析表明,在渍水处理下5个杨树无性系根系形态表现的优劣顺序是1388杨>895杨>3804杨>110杨>328杨;在淹水处理下的优劣顺序是1388杨>895杨>110杨>328杨>3804杨。所以,从根系形态表现看,1388杨和895杨的耐水性较强。     

马尾松毛虫防治指标的研究

<正>1983～1985年,在江苏省溧水林场对马尾松毛虫室内外取食针叶量、自然虫害和人工剪叶模拟虫害以及各种防治方法的效益等进行了测定和调查。结果表明,松毛虫自然为害与人工剪叶模拟处理对树木生长量的影响是趋于一致的。稂据松树损失针叶量与树木生长损失量的关系,提出了该地区马尾松毛虫的防治指标。     

人工介质富集微生物对藻类和藻毒素降解试验研究

采用人工介质富集微生物的方法对藻类和微囊藻毒素的生物降解进行了试验研究.中试结果表明:在水力停留时间6～7 d,源水叶绿素a为15.3～266.1μg/L条件下,人工介质对叶绿素a的去除率达59.4%.运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对微囊藻毒素进行了检测,当进水总微囊藻毒素TMC-RR和TMC-LR分别为0.25～8.93,0.15～4.73μg/L,胞外微囊藻毒素EMC-RR和EMC-LR分别为0.13～0.68,0.02～0.11μg/L时,人工介质对TMC-RR,TMC-LR和EMC-RR,EMC-LR平均去除率分别为69.8%,93.7%,42.2%和68.4%.聚合酶链反应(PCR)电泳图谱发现,人工介质上富集有大量的假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属等溶藻细菌.通过人工介质富集微生物的方法可有效降解太湖水体中的藻类和微囊藻毒素.