微波对Fenton试剂降解苯酚反应活化能的影响

研究了在微波场条件下Fenton试剂降解含酚废水的反应．分别在常规和微波场条件下进行反应,测定了反应动力学曲线,发现在常规条件下和微波条件下,反应动力学曲线可分成两个阶段,第一阶段为二级反应,第二阶段为一级反应;讨论了温度、微波功率对总有机碳（TOC）去除率的影响,估算了反应活化能．实验结果表明：微波辐射可提高Fenton试剂降解苯酚的反应速率和TOC去除率,降低反应活化能;当微波功率分别为100、200和600W时,在反应的第一阶段,苯酚降解反应活化能分别为9．833、9．139和8．579kJ／mol,在第二阶段分别为28．245、27．560和26．710kJ／mol,低于常规条件下相应阶段的苯酚降解反应的活化能（第一阶段为10．782kJ／mol,第二阶段为30．294kJ／mol）,且反应活化能随着微波强度的增大而减小．     

热液矿床中气相成矿作用

气相成矿作用是人们早已注意的问题 ,但在矿床学研究中没有给予应有的重视。文章从金属成矿物质的气相迁移、气 -液相转变对成矿的作用初步探讨了气相成矿作用问题。提出热液矿床成矿过程中必然存在由于气 -液相转变而产生的氢氧同位素瑞利分馏 ,在应用氢氧同位素示踪热液成矿流体来源时必须考虑成矿流体气 -液相转变引起的同位素分馏效应 ,只有这样才能正确示踪成矿流体的来源 ,合理分析热液矿床的成矿机制。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区湿地固碳释氧和营养循环功能价值评估

湿地生态系统价值体现在其特定的生物、物理、化学作用与功能上,而这种价值又因其地理位置、大小、构成以及对当地人类经济社会发展的影响而不同.据《鄱阳湖生态经济区规划》（2008）和《江西省地图集》（2008）资料统计出鄱阳湖生态经济区湿地总面积为156.63万hm2,包括天然湿地（水域）66.54万hm2,人工湿地（水田）90.098万hm2,并对其间接生态服务功能中的固CO2释O2和湿地营养循环功能价值进行评估,2项价值评估为16.22亿元.     

碳纳米管金属复合材料的合成及其吸波性能

通过乙炔催化裂解制得碳纳米管,采用浓硫酸和双氧水的混合溶液对碳纳米管进行表面羟基化修饰,利用化学镀使Pd、Co以及FePt金属纳米粒子成功地吸附在碳管表面,结果发现碳纳米管及其复合物均为介电损耗型介质,Co-碳纳米管复合物相比纯碳纳米管在高频区域有较强的宽范围吸收.     

碳纳米管／Mo复合粉末的制备

[摘要]以仲钼酸铵为前驱物,采用溶胶一凝胶法和氢气还原工艺制备了碳纳米管／Mo复合粉末材料．采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和x射线衍射（XRD）分析了微观形貌和相态组成．结果表明：在750℃还原保温3h可制备出碳纳米管／Mo复合粉末,还原生成的Mo粉颗粒在碳纳米管周围聚集,使碳纳米管在Mo粉中均匀分散;高于800℃还原,碳纳米管与Mo反应生成M02C相;而低于750℃还原,则有MoO2相残存．     

以AAO模板为基底可控合成一维碳纳米材料

将不负载任何活性组分的阳极氧化铝模板分别放入两段炉中,700℃下催化裂解乙炔可控合成一维碳纳米材料,反应气氛分别为氩气和氢气;产物通过扫描电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜进行了表征.结果表明:当反应气氛为氩气时,第一段炉中模板表面为相互缠绕的蠕虫状的碳纳米管,其直径在100nm左右,模板孔内为开口的碳纳米管,其直径约为50nm左右;第二段炉中模板表面沉积了密集的碳纳米棒,其形貌规整,棒体很直,散落在模板表面,粗的直径约200nm,细的约100nm,长度短的不到1μm,长的约2.5μm;当反应气氛为氢气时,模板表面沉积了规整的直立碳纳米棒,其长度长的约1μm,短的约为100nm,粒径约为50nm.所合成的碳纳米棒为实心的断断续续的石墨片层组成的波纹状结构.     

Understanding supercapacitors based on nano-hybrid materials with interfacial conjugation

The recent fast development of supercapacitors,also known scientifically as electrochemical capacitors,has benefited significantly from synthesis,characterisations and electrochemistry of nanomaterials.Herein,the principle of supercapacitors is explained in terms of performance characteristics and charge storage mechanisms,i.e.double layer(or interfacial) capacitance and pseudo-capacitance.The semiconductor band model is applied to qualitatively account for the pseudo-capacitance in association with rectangular cyclic voltammograms(CVs) and linear galvanostatic charging and discharging plots(GCDs),aiming to differentiate supercapacitors from rechargeable batteries.The invalidity of using peak shaped CVs and non-linear GCDs for capacitance measurement is highlighted.A selective review is given to the nano-hybrid materials between carbon nanotubes and redox active materials such as electronically conducting polymers and transition metal oxides.A new concept,"interfacial conjugation",is introduced to reflect the capacitance enhancement resulting from π-π stacking interactions at the interface between two materials with highly conjugated chemical bonds.The prospects of carbon nanotubes and graphenes for supercapacitor applications are briefly compared and discussed.Hopefully,this article can help readers to understand supercapacitors and nano-hybrid materials so that further developments in materials design and synthesis,and device engineering can be more efficient and objective.     

Effect of nanoparticle (Pd, Pd/Pt, Ni) deposition on high temperature hydrogenation of Ti-V alloys in gaseous flow containing CO

The hydrogenation properties of Ti-V hydrides coated with nanoparticles have been studied in gaseous mixtures of argon and hydrogen with and without additions of 1% CO. Nanoparticles of Pd, Ni, and co-deposited Pd/Pt with particle sizes of ~30–60 nm were formed by electroless deposition on the hydride surfaces. The alloy resistance to CO could be significantly improved by particle deposition. Large amounts of hydrogen were absorbed in a CO-containing gas when Ni and Pd/Pt deposition had been applied, while pure Pd deposition had no positive effect. Ni was found to have a stronger effect than those of Pd/Pt and Pd, possibly because of the size effect of Ni nanoparticles.     

粉末活性炭与单壁碳纳米管对水中多氯联苯的吸附

多氯联苯(PCBs)有较强的憎水性,在水中的溶解度很小,主要以与天然有机物结合,或附着于颗粒物的形式存在。粉末活性炭(PAC)和单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)对非极性较强的有机物有较好的吸附去除效果。通过研究粉末活性炭和单壁碳纳米管表面的物理化学性质,并对比研究二者对水中多氯联苯的吸附效能,包括吸附动力学和吸附等温线以及对实验数据进行相应的吸附模型拟合可知,粉末活性炭和碳纳米管对PCBs均有较好的吸附效果。10 min时粉末活性炭对多氯联苯的吸附量可达平衡吸附量的75%以上;40 min时可达90%以上;100 min以后吸附基本达到平衡。10 min时单壁碳纳米管对多氯联苯的吸附量可达平衡吸附量的60%以上,40 min时可达90%以上,80 min以后吸附基本达到平衡。     

生长谱法测定微生物碳源谱的实验探索

生长谱法是测定微生物对营养元素需求和利用程度的主要实验技术之一．采用打孔法、糖浸片法和糖粒法在合成培养基的混菌平板上,分别鉴定了大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、普通变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对6种糖的利用程度。实验结果表明,相对于传统的糖浸片法和糖粒法,打孔法具有快速、简单、灵敏度高和效果好等优点．