导电混凝土的研究与应用

导电混凝土是一种特种混凝土,其基本原理是导电材料部分或全部取代混凝土中的普通骨料,它是具有符合规定的电性能和一定的力学性能的特种混凝土.导电混凝土具备热和电的感知和转换能力,这就使得它不仅能作为一种建筑承载材料使用,而且还将在电工、电子、电磁干扰屏蔽、防静电、电加热器、钢筋阴极保护、建筑地面采暖、路面除冰融雪等方面发挥重要作用.目此关于导电混凝土的研究受到越来越广泛的关注.     

MWCNTs/SnO2复合材料的制备及室温NO气敏性研究

为开发室温NO气敏传感器,采用SnCl2溶液法合成了MWCNTs/SnO2复合材料,并对复合材料进行了XRD,Raman,SEM,TEM,TG - DSC及XPS表征.结果表明:在MWCNTs/SnO2复合材料中,尺寸为5 nm左右的SnO2颗粒均匀地负载在MWCNTs表面,MWCNTs与SnO2的质量之比基本恒为3∶...     

发光碳量子点的光谱特性及其潜在的分析应用

本文用微波法合成了具有发光特性的CDs．当反应温度与时间为30℃、10min条件下,CDs能发射强而稳定的荧光（F）与室温磷光,其F既能被十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、曲拉通X-100（Triton X-100）、Na2S、Na2C2O4、NH3·H2O等增强,又能被十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、KBrO3、K2S2O8、NalO4、Vc、NaBH4、HNO3、HCl、H2SO4、CH3COOH等猝灭,同时伴随着发射波长（λem^max）不同程度的蓝移或红移;pH在2．0-7．0范围内体系对CDs的F值发生灵敏响应,其线性回归方程为F=106．0＋27．76pH,相关系数（R）为0．9913;多数金属离子使CDs的F猝灭,Fe（Ⅲ）能催化KBrO3氧化CDs的反应,且Fe（Ⅲ）浓度在2．5—90．0ngmL^-1范围内与体系的荧光变化（△F）呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为△F=72．54＋0．3577mFe（Ⅲ）,（ngmL^-1）,R为0．9911．这些信息揭示了CDs在荧光法、荧光免疫法和室温磷光法中有较高的分析价值,同时为pH传感器的开发提供新的途径．     

微结构对纳米碳纤维氧阴极还原性能影响

在制备微结构可控纳米碳纤维基础上,研究纳米碳纤维微结构对氧气电催化还原反应(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR)性能的影响.利用化学还原法合成了Pt电催化剂,研究了纳米碳纤维微结构对Pt/CNFs电催化剂电催化性能的影响.研究发现,相对于基于活性炭的电催化剂,载于纳米碳纤维的电催化剂具有较高的ORR活性;同时,基于板式纳米碳纤维的电催化剂表现出最高的ORR活性.     

新型接枝氯丁胶粘剂的研制

本文采用四氯化碳做为溶剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯与氯丁橡胶在一定压力下进行自由基接枝共聚合。制得了粘接强度高、毒性低、储存稳定性好的新型氯丁胶粘剂。     

中立型Logistic差分方程的Flip分支

讨论了中立型时滞Logistic差分方程稳定性以及Flip分支存在性;应用Jury判据和特征值理论给出正平衡态局部渐进稳定的充分条件;以种群的内禀增长率为分支参数,运用中心流形定理和分支理论得到了方程Flip分支的存在条件与分支方向;通过举例及数值计算验证了定理条件和结论的一致性.     

The long-term denudation rate of granitic regolith in Qinhuangdao,North China determined from the in situ depth profile of the cosmogenic nuclides 26Al and 10Be

This study quantifies the surface denudation rate of granitic regolith via the application of the in situ cosmogenic ^26Al and ^10Be depth profile in China. The concentration ranges of ^26Al and ^10Be in the quartz along the -3-m granitic regolith profile in Qinhuangdao are （4.9-23.1） × 10^5 and （2.3-36.6）×10^4 atoms/g, respectively. With the exception of the surface sample, both ^26Al and ^10Be concentrations decrease exponentially with sample depth. The Chi-square best-fitting results revealed a total denudation rate of -9 m/Ma averaged over a 103-105 a timescale, which is lower than the values observed in global granitic outcrops. Compared with global datasets, the flat terrain due to the lack of tectonic activities is most likely the dominant factor that controls the local denudation process. The surface sample offsets from the theoretical cosmogenic nuclide distribution implies that the denudation rate from river basin sediment could be overestimated because of the bioturbation in the surficial soil layer.     

Influence of the carbon cycle on the attribution of responsibility for climate change

The carbon cycle is one of the fundamental climate change issues.Its long-term evolution largely affects the amplitude and trend of human-induced climate change,as well as the formulation and implementation of emission reduction policy and technology for stabilizing the atmospheric CO2concentration.Two earth system models incorporating the global carbon cycle,the Community Earth System Model and the Beijing Normal University-Earth System Model,were used to investigate the effect of the carbon cycle on the attribution of the historical responsibility for climate change.The simulations show that when compared with the criterion based on cumulative emissions,the developed(developing)countries’responsibility is reduced(increased)by 6%–10%using atmospheric CO2concentration as the criterion.This discrepancy is attributed to the fact that the developed world contributed approximately61%–68%(61%–64%)to the change in global oceanic(terrestrial)carbon sequestration for the period from 1850 to2005,whereas the developing world contributed approximately 32%–49%(36%–39%).Under a developed world emissions scenario,the relatively larger uptake of global carbon sinks reduced the developed countries’responsibility for carbon emissions but increased their responsibility for global ocean acidification(68%).In addition,the large emissions from the developed world reduced the efficiency of the global carbon sinks,which may affect the long-term carbon sequestration and exacerbate global warming in the future.Therefore,it is necessary to further consider the interaction between carbon emissions and the carbon cycle when formulating emission reduction policy.     

The impact of damming on geochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic carbon in a karst river

To determine the impact of damming on the geochemical behavior of dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） in the Wujiang River basin, field measurements and samples were collected semimonthly for a year. The surface waters of the reservoirs contained concentrations of chlo- rophyll a up to 5.6 times higher than the upstream river. Compared with the entering waters, the contributions of HCO3- and dissolved CO2 to DIC decreased, and the contribution of CO32- to DIC and the carbon isotopic composition of DIC （δ13CDIc） increased in the surface waters of the reservoirs, while in the waters released, the DIC species showed reverse geochemical behaviors. The δ13CDIc ranged from -10.2 %o to 2.5 %0, indicating that significant contributions were from carbonate weathering, photosynthesis, and respiration. After the damming of a river, the bioactivity of phytoplankton was enhanced, and this affected the geochemistry of DIC compared to an unimpacted river and δ13CDIC can be used to discern these changes. High-frequency monitoring of river-reservoir systems is necessary to evaluate the efflux of CO2 and provide a better understanding of the carbon sinks and sources in the impounded river.