碱性脂肪酶产生菌的筛选与产酶条件及酶学性质研究

作者从泸州油脂厂附近的土壤中,筛选到一株产碱性脂肪酶活性较高的细菌,经初步鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonassp.).经对该菌株进行产酶条件和酶学性质研究发现,该菌株的最适产酶发酵培养基为(%):酵母浸出汁1.5,黄豆粉1,NaCl0.2,K2HPO40.2,NaH2PO40.2,MgSO4·7H2O0.01,初始pH8.5.100mL三角瓶装液10mL,30℃,150r/min摇床培养48h,酶活最高可达19.1U/mL.酶的最适反应温度40℃,最适pH8.5,该酶具有较好的热稳定性.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的降酚特性及反硝化关键酶活性

为了研究菌株Diaphorobacter sp.PD-7在有氧条件下降解低浓度苯酚同时反硝化的特性,采用单因素试验,摇床转速180 r/min时,最佳降酚条件为200 mg/L乙酸钠和300 mg/L苯酚同时作为碳源,培养液初始p H为7.0,温度30℃,20 h内对初始浓度300 mg/L苯酚去除率达97.3%。培养液p H为中性时,硝酸盐还原酶(NAR)与亚硝酸盐还原酶(NIR)的最适反应温度分别为35℃、40℃。用米门方程对酶促反应动力学模拟,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好,参数分别为Km=0.76μmol/L、vmax=42.02×10-3U/min和Km=1.49μmol/L、vmax=32.79×10-3U/min。推测NIR可能是该菌株反硝化过程中的限速酶,菌株PD-7主要通过细胞同化作用与反硝化作用脱氮,且该菌株有着完整的反硝化途径。     

温和化学渗透剂对解脂假丝酵母神经酰胺含量的影响

为了分析温和化学渗透剂木瓜蛋白酶、甘氨酸对解脂假丝酵母33M Candida lipolytica中神经酰胺含量的影响,分别采用氯仿甲醇抽提法和乙醇抽提法提取神经酰胺,用固相萃取法（SPE）分离神经酰胺与其它膜中脂类,并用薄层色谱（TLC）方法和高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射器（HPLC-ELSD）对其进行定性和定量分析,结果表明：加温和化学渗透剂木瓜蛋白酶、甘氨酸能增加解脂假丝酵母中的神经酰胺含量,并以木瓜蛋白酶效果最好。     

阴道念珠菌病患者阴道分泌物念珠菌培养鉴定及药敏分析

目的：了解大理地区妇科女性患者阴道分泌物念珠菌检出状况、菌群分布及对常用抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法：取有自觉阴道症状到妇科门诊就诊患者的阴道分泌物进行念珠菌培养、鉴定和药敏试验。结果：192份标本中念珠菌阳性标本55例,检出率28．6％,汉族和少数民族妇科门诊女性患者阴道分泌物念珠菌检出率分别为32．2％和25．7％,差异无显著性（P=0．324）;56株念珠菌中白色念珠菌32株、光滑念珠菌12株、克柔念珠菌5株、热带念珠菌4株、其它2株。56株念珠菌对KETO、FCZ、5-FC和Amb的耐药率最高的是KETO,达73．2％;最低的是Amb,无耐药株。结论：外阴阴道念珠菌病是妇科门诊的常见疾病,白色念珠菌仍是主要致病菌,光滑念珠菌感染逐渐增多。本地区妇科患者阴道异常分泌物检出念珠菌对常用抗真菌药物酮康唑存在普遍耐药现象,对两性霉素B基本无耐药株产生。     

不同地理种源侧柏对侧柏绿胶杯菌抗性的测定试验

收集侧柏２１个种源,经繁育定植后,连续３年逐年测其对侧柏绿胶杯菌的抗性。其分析结果表明,不同地理种源侧柏之间其生长状况的优劣与抗病性关系不大,同一种源内生长势良好者其感病指数较轻;种源之间对绿胶杯菌的抗性存在有明显的差异,其中抗性较强的有河北民寿,山西晋城,贵州黎平,山西交城和陕西华阴种源,但是均未达到可以用以进行病害防治的高度抗病的程度。     

两株细菌对偶氮染料活性艳红X—3B脱色的研究

从太原市纺织绒染厂废水处理站曝气池分离筛选到一株假单胞菌和一株黄单胞菌,探讨了这两株菌在不同碳源、不同ｐＨ和不同温度条件下对活性艳红Ｘ—３Ｂ的脱色效果。试验结果表明,假单胞菌和黄单胞菌分别以葡萄糖,果糖和无水乙酸钠为碳源时,脱色效果都较好,且黄单胞菌以可溶性淀粉作碳源时也有较高的脱色率。这两株菌脱色的最适ｐＨ均为８．０。假单胞菌脱色的最适温度为２５℃,黄单胞菌脱色的最适温度为３０℃。     

植物颗粒剂对蜗牛和蛞蝓诱杀作用初报

利用药用植物的粉碎物配合对蜗牛和蛞蝓有引诱作用的食物引诱素及成型剂等原料制成的植物颗粒剂在室内和菜地进行诱杀实验，结果表明：植物颗粒剂对蜗牛和蛞蝓都有较强的诱杀效果，防效分别达到83．4％和67．8％，显示了一定的实用性。植物颗粒杀虫剂对环境无污染，对人畜及害虫天敌无毒害，是一种新型的低毒植物源农药。     

Effect of monoclonal antibody to bull sperm sp18 on murine fertilization and embryos development

Western blot analysis revealed that one IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to sp18 family membrane proteins (Mr. 14, 16 and 18 ku) of bovine sperm reacted faintly with protein bands of 14, 18, 22, 30 and 60 ku (reducing) in samples of mouse sperm. The mAb also reacted to protein of egg lysozyme. Using a laser confocal microscope, indirect immunofluorescence (IIP) showed that the sp18 antigens were present in the posterior head of murine sperm. In murine in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development trails, a total of 426 oocytes from C57BL/6 and F1 hybrid strain (CD1 × C57BL/6 cross) of 12 female mice were used in 3 independent trails. After preincubating capacitated sperm with 182 μg/mL of sp18 mAb in the modified TYH IVF medium for 15-20 min, cumulus-oocyte-complexes were introduced. The fertilization rate in sp18 mAb groups was 77.1 %, which was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the nonspecific mouse IgG (79.2%) and non-IgG (80.3 %) control groups. Fertilized oocytes had been continuously cultured in modifed CZB medium. 100%, 100% and 97.9% of 1-cell embryos developed to 2-cell stage in sp18 mAb, nonspecific mouse IgG and non-IgG group 30 h after the start of fertilization, respectively. In the nonspecific mouse IgG and non-IgG groups, 64.1 % and 64.3% of embryos developed to the 4-cell stage, respectively, but all developing eggs in sp18 mAb groups arrested development in vitro at 2-cell stage. After zonae of 2-cell blocked embryos were enzy-matically removed with 0.5% pronase, detection of sp18 antigens by IIF indicated that the fluorescence scattered on two embryonic cells. For embryos fertilized in vivo and co-cultured with 182 μg/mL sp18 mAb, the numbers of 1-cell embryos reaching the 2-cell and 4-cell stage were 95. 2% and 70. 5%, which were not significantly (P>0.05) different from the control group (92.9% and 77.9%). These results indicate that the sp18 antigens on posterior head of mouse sperm were incorporated into the egg plasma membrane during fertilization, and played an active role in development of murine preimplanta-tion embryo.     

悬铃木白粉病病原菌及其生物学特性

对近年来在南京、上海、杭州等地危害较为严重的悬铃木白粉病病原菌的无性型和有性型进行了形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,该病害病原的无性型为粉孢属一种(Oidium sp.),病原的有性型为孓蠹菌门的Erysiphe platani。病原菌生长的适宜温度为20~28 ℃,最适温度为26 ℃;湿度对孢子萌发的影响不大,一般环境湿度下都可萌发;分生孢子寿命约为13 d。     

不同NaCl含量、培养基和微量元素对分枝杆菌SP-3降解菲的影响研究

研究了分枝杆菌SP 3在不同NaCl含量、培养基和微量元素中降解菲的效果影响。结果表明,分枝杆菌SP 3在NaCl质量分数为1%时对菲的降解率达到最大,为87.41%;菌株在LB液体培养基、改良LB液体培养基和改良的无机盐液体培养基中对菲的降解率都达到了80%以上,三者之间无显著性差异;Fe2+、Zn2+浓度分别在100 μmol/L和5 μmol/L,Mg2+在100 μmol/L时,可以提高菌株对菲的降解能力,而Cu2+随着浓度的增加,能够抑制菌株对菲的降解。研究结果有助于该菌应用于多环芳烃降解的生物技术中,以提高菌株对菲等多环芳烃的降解能力。