中国的出口扩张是否影响了健康?——基于Grossman模型的拓展分析

在全球经济复苏乏力的背景下,"逆全球化"浪潮正以不可思议的速度席卷全球,并顺势引导着我们重新审视"全球化"的益处及其隐形成本.鉴于目前并没有相关文献从理论上探讨出口扩张对健康的影响,本文以中国改革开放以来迅猛的出口扩张为背景进行了首次探索.本文构建了一个工人们与其雇主讨价还价的企业出口模型框架.厂商依据利润最大化原理选择最优的资本、劳动和原材料的投入之后,每个工人也会选择"最优的工作努力程度"使得努力的边际收益等于努力的边际成本.然后.依据Grossman健康需求模型.本文系统地探讨了由外生性原因引致的出口扩张影响工人健康的五个路径,包括工作强度,工资率,收入差距,公共服务和环境污染.最后,依据文章结论提出相应的政策建议.     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

大规模定制模式下的顾客需求管理：获取、识别和聚类分析

为了有效处理不同客户的需求以保证大规模定制生产的规模性和经济性,提出了一种以聚类分析思想为核心的定制需求管理方法。该方法在获取客户需求信息并进行有效化处理的基础上,采取模糊聚类的方法将数量众多的单个客户转化为具有相似需求的客户群体,指导企业产品的标准化、生产的模块化以及产品族的规划设计并提升客户满意度。文章最后,结合笔记本电脑的应用实例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Mating behaviour and maternal care in the tropical savanna funnel-web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Despite their abundance and diversity, Neotropical spiders have been the subject of relatively few studies of behavioural ecology. The sexual behaviour and maternal care of the spider Aglaoctenus lagotis (Lycosidae) is described here. We performed experimental manipulations to test the hypothesis that males are attracted by female cues in the web. Two predictions were tested: (a) webs used by a virgin female will attract more males than webs used by an inseminated female; (b) the main cue in the web is chemical, so webs recently used by virgin females will attract more males than those that are not recently used. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that maternal care increases offspring survivorship. Results showed that males are attracted by recently used webs (z = 0.0015; p = 0.037; z-test) and webs of virgin females (z = 0.041; p = 0.036, z-test). Male sexual behaviour presented three different categories: court, pre-mate and mate. After the mating, the females built a cocoon that was transported adhered to the spinnerets and held by the last pair of legs. After the hatching of the eggs, the young migrated to the dorsal region of the mother's body for 5 days. During maternal care the mother eliminates a yellowish drop from its oral cavity, which is collected by the young. During the development of the young until adulthood, the offspring that have their mother present in the first stages of life have greater survival compared with those without maternal care. Our results make it possible to perform comparative analyses between a South American Lycosidae species and other species distributed worldwide.     

文献信息的合理配购与提高读者满意度的关系

介绍了网络环境下图书馆文献信息的构成,分析了网络环境下读者需求发生的变化,从3个方面论述了合理配购与提高读者满意度的关系。     

风浪条件下太湖藻源性“湖泛”的消退及其水体恢复进程

"湖泛"发生后的稳定持续时间是决定其致灾程度的主要指标,风浪的复氧是破坏其稳定性的主要因素.本文采用室内装置模拟、视觉比较和氧化还原条件分析等方法,研究了不同风浪作用下藻源性"湖泛"的稳定性及水体中主要特征参数恢复过程.结果显示:静风对照下,"湖泛"水体黑色在实验过程中始终未消失,水体DO含量保持在约1.5mg/L以下;小风(～2m/s)和中风(～4m/s)下,"湖泛"大约可持续2d左右,"湖泛"消失时的DO含量约6mg/L;大风(～8m/s)下,仅需要14h就可使"湖泛"黑臭完全消失.并且发现,在"湖泛"消失后,保持原来的风速下至144h,没有再出现黑臭的回复;水体溶解性营养物(NH4+和PO43)含量的降低随风浪大小有明显的响应关系.研究结果为藻源性"湖泛"的应急治理提供了决策依据.     

大学生自行车骑行训练成绩与O_(2max)的相关研究

选取6名内蒙古师范大学公路自行车运动员为研究对象,采用Bruce跑台测试方案进行递增负荷有氧能力测试,揭示有氧能力测试值与运动员公路自行车训练成绩间的相关关系.结果表明:在有氧指标测试结果中,最大摄氧量(O_(2max))与自行车运动员骑行成绩(时间)呈高度负相关(R=-0.91,P<0.05),推测O_(2max)的回归方程为^y1=-37.186X+9 292(P<0.05);相对O_(2max)与自行车运动员骑行成绩(时间)呈高度负相关(R=-0.94,P<0.01),推测相对O_(2max)的回归方程为^y2=-0.732 6X+164.7(P<0.01).因此建议在训练中通过回归方程对运动员有氧能力及运动能力进行预测,有利于在训练、选材、技战术制定等方面做出快速、有效判断,进而促进公路自行车项目训练的科学化.     

固定化优势菌去除焦化废水中COD的研究

采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)-硼酸包埋固定化法,包埋经筛选出的优势菌,制成固定化优势菌胶片.研究了不同条件下(温度、pH等)优势菌对COD的去除效果以及与未添加固定化优势菌的处理工艺进行比较,并对优势菌在最优环境下的生存状态进行了测定和观察.     

RH精炼钢中全氧量变化与操作改进

为了使钢中全氧量控制在一个适当的水平,在武钢炼钢总厂RH真空脱气装置对低碳、超低碳钢进行了脱氧净化试验.结果表明,影响全氧去除的因素按作用高低依次是出钢溶解氧水平,溶解氧与钢包渣的交互作用,钢包渣,和真空处理净化时间.通过改进工艺生产了全氧量≤10×10-6,非金属夹杂物尺寸<10μm的清洁钢水,建立了一个钢包内钢水全氧浓度随时间变化的新方程,该方程考虑了全氧的表观平衡含量及环流、扩散传质对去除氧化物夹杂速率的影响.