A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenols in wastewater using deconvolution technology

Phenolic compounds exist widely in the influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and most are un-regulated. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenolic compounds in wastewater was developed. Deconvolution technology was used to identify contaminants that are covered by co-extracted materials. A mass spectral library containing all 50 silylated phenolic compounds was first established and used for deconvolution. Twelve typical phenolic compounds were selected to optimize the sample preparation procedures. Solid-phase extraction using a C18 cartridge coupled with an HLB cartridge was used for pre-concentration and dichloromethane was used for elution. The solutes were derivatized and analyzed by GC-MS. The blank and matrix spike recoveries ranged from 57.46% to 136.4% and 47.87% to 114.8%, respectively. Method detection limits ranged from 3.64 to 97.64 ng L⁻¹. The relative standard deviations of all the recovery experiments were lower than 13.6%. The instrument limits of quantification ranged from 0.7 to 87.7 pg. The method has been applied to analyze the influents and effluents of 5 Chinese STPs. Except for regulated phenolic compounds (phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), three un-regulated phenolic compounds, including 2-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-nitrophenol were identified in the effluent wastewater. The detected concentrations of un-regulated phenolic compounds could possibly cause environmental effects, indicating that immediate attention is required to prevent complications.     

The occurrence and significance of C25HBI in Cenozoic saline lacustrine source rocks from the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China

The saline lacustrine deposit of the Oligocene Lower Ganchaigou Formation is the main source rock for the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China.In this study,abundant highly branched isoprenoids with 25 carbon atoms (C25HBI) were detected in the upper section of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation.C25HBI is a biomarker for diatoms,and can provide information regarding biogeochemical processes during production and preservation of sedimentary organic matter.The carbon isotopic values of C25HBI in these source rocks were in the range of-18‰ to-20‰.The relative enrichment in 13C of C25HBI suggests that these isoprenoids were derived from diatom blooms.In this case,the diatoms used HCO3-as an additional carbon source to dissolved CO2 in water column due to their high biological productivity.Conversely,the diatom blooms indicated an abundant nutrient supply to the environment and high primary productivity.Thus,the occurrence of 13C-enriched C25HBI could be an ideal marker for good source rocks.The decreased concentration of CO2(aq) in the water column induced by diatom blooms can result in an enrichment in 13C of organic matter synthesized by primary producers.This may be a possible reason for the occurrence of 13C-enriched organic matter in the Cenozoic source rocks of the Western Qaidam Basin.Previous studies have shown that the high carbon number n-alkanes sourced from diatoms have no carbon preference.Hence,the sources of n-alkanes in regional source rocks are complex,and should be considered when discussing the sources of organic matter in future studies.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

K2O对氧化物原料合成Al8B4C7的影响

采用硼砂、金属铝和碳粉为原料一步合成Al8B4C7.在合成过程中掺入不同含量的K2O,研究杂质K2O对合成Al8B4C7的影响.将原料混合均匀,在200MPa的压力下压制成φ20mm×20mm的圆柱型试样,将干燥后的试样在不同温度下的流动氩气气氛中进行合成.利用化学分析、XRD和SEM等分析测试技术,研究了K2O含量以及烧结温度对反应合成材料物相组成和显微结构的影响.结果表明:尽管加入不同含量的K2O,但其高温烧结反应后,若K2O的质量分数在0.019%～0.028%之间,就不出现含K的新相.K2O的加入不利于Al8B4C7的合成,它可将Al8B4C7的开始生成温度提升至1 400℃,而且1 700℃时,Al8B4C7含量较不加入K2O时明显减少.添加K2O合成的Al8B4C7为1μm左右大小的无规则小颗粒.     

云南省L波段雷达运行监控平台的设计与实现

基于B/S(Browser/Server结构)模式开发的云南省L波段雷达运行监控平台,有效地实现了云南省5部L波段雷达的探空设备和探空数据的监控.整个平台由FTP计划任务、数据录入系统和L波段雷达运行监控系统3部分组成.运行情况表明,该平台的建立有助于全面掌握我省探测网系统设备的运行状况,保障高空探测网的稳定运行,提高了气象探空数据的数据质量.     

海洋有害赤潮调控功能菌的发现与研究

近年来,赤潮的微生物调控研究受到了科学界的高度重视,"以菌治藻"的赤潮调控理念格外引人注目.先从国内外抑/杀藻菌及其作用方式的研究进展进行论述,再结合本课题组近年来筛选获得的海洋抑/杀藻细菌,探讨该类菌质资源的发掘与利用,最后对该领域研究进行了展望.     

非线性耦合Hindmarsh-Rose神经元同步迁移

研究了Hindmarsh-Rose神经元在非线性耦合作用下的同步问题,进一步讨论了非线性耦合与线性耦合作用下同步的迁移,采用灰度图的方式表示出Laypunov指数,判定了混沌系统的同步;然后给定暂态过程值,通过计算误差函数给出二级耦合下线性耦合与非线性耦合同步参数区域,发现非线性耦合对线性耦合有比较强的调制作用.     

冬眠及外源维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖能量代谢的影响

观测了冬眠前饲料中添加外源维生素C(Vc)对冬眠中华鳖稚鳖能量代谢的影响.结果发现外源Vc不能提高冬眠期间中华鳖的存活率(P=0.57).稚鳖个体在冬眠期间生长能的平均值为-0.15 kJ.d-1,该值与代谢耗能相当.鳖体蛋白、脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数w在冬眠前后无显著差异(P>0.05),外源Vc对鳖的体组成没有明显影响(P>0.05).冬眠8周后,肝脏线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)和肝脏乳酸锐氢酶(LDH)的活性显著下降(P<0.05).饲料外源Vc对肝脏线粒体蛋白含量、肝脏线粒体COX和LDH的活性均无影响(P>0.05).     

非自治吊桥方程的一致吸引子

作者讨论了非自治吊桥面方程的长时间动力学行为.通过应用一些新的结果和能量估计技巧,获得了能量的一致衰退估计.当外力项f满足条件（C*）（而非平移紧）时,作者证明了一致吸引子在H20（Ω）×L2(Ω)上的存在性,此结果推广和改进了一些已有结果.     

不同生活习性下原核生物基因组大小与GC含量的关系研究

 对原核生物基因组的研究显示,基因组GC含量与基因组大小和氧气偏好性等因素存在着一定的相关性。为了探索基因组大小与GC含量的相关性是否受原核生物生活习性的影响,选取了有代表性的411种原核生物（包括古细菌与真细菌）,分别从最适生长温度、氧气偏好性、运动特性、水生特性和寄生特性等因素进行分析,发现基因组大小与GC含量的相关性确实受这些因素的影响,而寄生原核生物中显示出最好的相关性。