基于脑部CT图像的LOG算子改进

本文基于脑部CT图像的头骨边缘分割问题,改进了高斯-拉普拉斯算子(Gauss-Laplacian Operator,LOG),获得了根据高斯函数的平滑因子σ、边缘灰度阈值T、椒盐滤波器大小m×n三个参数控制的改进方法,应用MATLAB程序获得了二值化边缘分割结果.     

Suppression of murine breast cancer metastasis by selective inhibition of CXCR4 by synthetic polypeptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) have been implicated in breast cancer metastasis. A significant association between HER2 and CXCR4 expression has been observed in human breast tumor tissues, and overexpression of CXCR4 is essential for HER2-mediated tumor metastasis. Moreover, CXCR4 expression is low in normal breast tissues and high in malignant tumors, suggesting that a blockade of CXCR4 may limit tumor metastasis. The present study investigated the action of a synthetic antagonist 21-mer peptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II against CXCR4 (NT21MP) in inhibiting metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that chemotaxis of SKBR3 cells toward SDF-1α was reduced by NT21MP in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). NT21MP inhibited tumor growth at 500 μg/kg and in combination with Herceptin, the anti-HER2 antibody. The in vivo metastatic assay showed that NT21MP significantly inhibited pulmonary metastasis, and the number of metastatic tumor nodes on the surface of the lung was greatly decreased. Compared with the saline-treated control group, PCNA expression was dose-dependently decreased by NT21MP, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased, and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated. In conclusion, NT21MP inhibits cellular prolifer-ation, promotes apoptosis by downregulating CXCR4 expression, and suppresses the progression of primary and metastatic tumors. CXCR4 may be a useful therapeutic target for breast cancer, and NT21MP may serve as a potential target drug for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.     

肿瘤细胞微环境对癌症转移力的影响

过去,科学界普遍关注的是由肿瘤细胞自身性质的改变而引起的恶化现象,如:基因突变的累积效应导致肿瘤恶化成癌。近几年的研究发现,细胞微环境(microenvironment)也对癌细胞转移起着至关重要的作用。本文从微环境的重要性和微环境影响肿瘤细胞转移的机制两方面讨论胞外基质与癌细胞转移的关系。     

血管内皮生长因子表达及微血管密度与头颈肿瘤发展和转移的关系

研究血管内皮细胞生因子(VBGV)的表达及微血管密度(MVD)与头颈肿瘤发展及转移的关系.应用免疫组织化学S-P法,检测32例头颈恶性肿瘤、20例头颈良性肿瘤、16例头颈部无瘤组织石蜡标本组织中的血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的表达、微血管密度(MVD).头颈恶性肿瘤组织VEGF的表达及MVD明显高于头颈良性肿瘤及头颈无瘤组织(P<0.05),转移组比较非转移组高(P<0.05).此外,在头颈肿瘤的发展及转移中VEGF的表达及MVD具有显著的正相关关系(r=0.398,<0.05).VEGF与头颈肿瘤血管生成有密切关系;VEGF的表达和MVD的增高对头颈肿瘤发展及转移有促进作用,其检测有可能作为头颈肿瘤预后的指标.     

外伤性后颅窝血肿手术预后的综合分析

目的探讨影响外伤性后颅窝血肿手术预后的因素.方法回顾性分析60例外伤性后颅窝血肿手术患者的临床资料、手术与治疗效果,就影响后颅窝血肿术后疗效的相关因素进行分析.结果恢复良好41例,中残8例,重残5例,死亡6例;统计显示术前GCS≥9分,血肿量<30 mL,单纯硬膜外血肿及伤后3 h内及时手术者效果良好,而GCS<9分,血肿量>30 mL,后颅窝其他类型血肿或并有幕上对冲伤,伤后3 h以上手术者预后较差.结论术前GCS评分、伤后手术时间、血肿量、血肿部位及有无合并其他颅内损伤等因素对患者预后有显著影响,提示对此类患者要早期诊断、早期手术,并注意针对不同患者情况及时处理方能取得较好疗效.     

乳腺癌治疗研究进展

 乳腺癌为女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,是严重影响女性身心健康的重要疾病。近年来,乳腺癌的治疗取得长足进步,在早期乳腺癌的保留乳房和保腋窝治疗等方面获得里程碑式的突破。本文综述不同病期乳腺癌治疗的最新进展。     

Neuronal control of brain microvessel function

Summary Cerebral capillary endothelium forms a barrier limiting and controlling the movement of ions and solutes between blood and brain. Recent anatomical, physiological and biochemical studies have suggested the possibility that capillary function may be directly controlled by neuronal structures. Alterations in neuronal systems involved in the regulation of microcirculation may account for microvascular dysfunctions which occur in different pathologic conditions.     

细胞粘附位点RGD三肽脂质体的制备及表征

对RGD（Arg-Gly-Asp）三肽脂质体载药剂型进行研究, 确定了薄膜超声法制备脂质 体的路线. 电子显微镜观察表明, 脂质体粒径均匀, 为100 nm右, 属于小单室脂质体. 脂质体中RGD量为2.4~2.5 mg/mL, 包封率达到70%. 脂质体稳定性较好, 而且具备pH 5.4~6.0的靶向性, 可能成为具有较好肿瘤细胞靶向性的脂质体制剂.     

整合素在肝癌细胞侵袭和转移中的作用

癌细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）的粘附是恶性肿瘤侵袭首要步骤。肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质的粘附是通过细胞膜表达的特异受体介导的，其中整合素家族为重要的粘附分子。对整合素表达相关的细胞外基质的介绍及肝癌细胞侵袭与转移中整合素研究的综述，可了解相关的整合素所介导肝癌细胞与细胞外基质、肝癌细胞之间的相互作用。文中提及肝癌细胞趋化运动中相关的整合素，有助于进一步了解整合素在肝癌侵袭与转移中的作用。整合素参与了整个肝癌细胞的侵袭转移过程，寻找出干扰整合素与配体相互作用、特异性增加或减少整合素在肿瘤中的表达的物质，从而阻断肿瘤的侵袭与转移，对抗癌药物的研究有着深远的影响。     

近端胃癌预后分析

目的 :研究近端胃癌淋巴结转移数目与预后的关系。方法 :行D2 或D3 术式的近端胃癌标本 ,全数摘取淋巴结 ,比较全胃切除和近端胃切除淋巴结切除数目 ,按 1997年修订的 5thTNM分期判断预后。结果 :32例共取淋巴结 2 0 15枚 ,平均 6 3枚 /例。近端胃切除 5 7枚 /例 ,全胃切除 70枚 /例。按新的分期 ,N1、N2 、N3 病例的 5年生存率分别为 36 .46 %、11.0 5 %、0。结论 :随着癌肿侵犯范围的扩大 ,必须扩大淋巴结切除范围 ,新的定量N分期优于旧的定性N分期